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人类在长期的生产劳动过程中发现利用某种工具的帮助可以获得工作上的方便,并且提高工作的效率。使用简单的工具或把许多工具组合在一起联合运用,其目的在于便于我们进行工作,节省力气和时间。人类社会物质生活愈发达,科学技术愈提高,使用的工具和机械的种类便愈繁多,构造也愈复杂。但是有几种简单的机械却是最基本的,今日数目众多的形形色色的机械都是从它们发展和提高而来,它们便是槓桿、滑轮、轮轴、斜面、螺旋、尖劈等。现在我们就来研究它们。这些机械根据它们的原理可以分成两类,槓桿、轮轴、滑轮是一类,斜面、螺旋、尖劈是另一类。
In the course of long-term production and labor, humans have found that the use of a tool helps to obtain work convenience and increase the efficiency of work. The use of simple tools or the combination of many tools together is designed to facilitate our work and save effort and time. The more developed the material life of human society, the higher the science and technology, the more types of tools and machinery used, and the more complicated the structure. However, there are several kinds of simple machines that are the most basic. Today, a large number of all kinds of machines are developed and improved from them. They are levers, pulleys, axles, ramps, spirals, cuspidors, etc. Now we will study them. These machines can be divided into two categories according to their principles. The levers, axles, and pulleys are of the same type. Inclined surfaces, spirals, and pointed jaws are another category.