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DC是目前已知人体内功能最强的免疫提呈细胞(antigen presenting cell,APC),成熟的DC通过诱导细胞免疫、参与体液免疫以及分泌多种细胞因子等多种途径,在抗原的捕获、加工、提呈和激活T细胞产生抗肿瘤免疫效应中发挥重要作用。恶性肿瘤患者往往存在一定的DC功能缺陷,基因修饰的DC可为机体免疫系统提供多个可供识别的抗原表位,是加强抗肿瘤免疫的重要手段之一。基因修饰的DC疫苗种类较多,如肿瘤相关抗原基因、细胞因子基因、共刺激分子基因、黏附分子基因、免疫调控分子基因、凋亡相关基因、癌基因以及多种基因共同修饰的DC疫苗等,这些经基因修饰后的DC疫苗在抗肿瘤免疫的基础研究方面已经证实了其免疫增强作用,而且部分DC疫苗在临床试验中也取得了一定的抗肿瘤疗效,这些都将为基因修饰的DC在临床中的应用提供重要的理论基础。本文将从DC的生物学特征、DC的抗肿瘤机制以及基因修饰的DC疫苗在抗肿瘤免疫中的基础研究和相关临床试验等几个方面做一综述。
DC is currently the most widely known antigen presenting cell (APC) in the human body. DC is a mature antigen that can induce antigen production by inducing cellular immunity, humoral immunity and secrete various cytokines. , Presenting and activating T cells play an important role in anti-tumor immune effects. Patients with malignant tumors often have some defects in DC function. Gene-modified DCs can provide multiple immune epitopes for the immune system and are one of the important means to enhance anti-tumor immunity. There are many kinds of DC vaccines genetically modified, such as tumor-associated antigen gene, cytokine gene, costimulatory molecule gene, adhesion molecule gene, immune regulatory molecule gene, apoptosis-related gene, oncogene and DC vaccine co-modified by various genes These genetically modified DC vaccines have been shown to enhance their immune response in basic research on anti-tumor immunity. Some DC vaccines have also achieved certain antitumor efficacy in clinical trials, and these will be genetically modified DCs The clinical application provides an important theoretical basis. This article will review the biological characteristics of DC, the antitumor mechanism of DC and the basic research and related clinical trials of genetically modified DC vaccine in antitumor immunity.