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目的研究海南海口地区细菌性痢疾的流行病学特点,分析其对患者的肠功能和生存质量影响。方法选取哨点医院收治的痢疾患者776例作为观察组,记录患者的一般资料,发病时间,发病时症状情况,包括大便次数、大便性状等症状,结合患者的发病时间及实验室粪便检查结果,回顾性分析该区痢疾的分布特点。另取同期健康体检者135例作为对照组,观察和比较两组肠道功能和生活质量状况。结果海南省海口市细菌性痢疾发病呈明显的夏秋季高峰,发病主要集中在6~9月份,占全年总发病数的74.09%。市区发病人数514例,发病率为66.23%,郊区发病人数为262例,发病率为33.76%,市区发病率明显高于郊区发病率(χ~2=163,P<0.01)。根据患者年龄的统计数据显示,0~4岁间的患儿发病人数有419例,占总发病数的53.99%,为各年龄中比例最多的,其次是20~39岁组患者,有201例,占总发病数的25.90%。观察组患者每天大便次数明显较高(P<0.05)。观察组患者的各项生存质量评分均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论海南省海口市细菌性痢疾发病有明显的地区性季节性和年龄差异,该病严重影响患者的肠功能和生存质量,各地应根据其疫情特点制定针对性的防控措施以降低该病的发病率。
Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of bacillary dysentery in Haikou, Hainan Province and analyze its effect on the intestinal function and quality of life of patients. Methods 776 cases of dysentery admitted in sentinel hospital were selected as the observation group. The general information, the onset time, the symptom at the time of onset, including the stool frequency and stool characteristics were recorded. According to the onset time of the patients and the laboratory stool examination results, Retrospective analysis of the distribution of dysentery in the area. Another 135 healthy subjects during the same period as a control group, to observe and compare the two groups of intestinal function and quality of life. Results The incidence of bacillary dysentery in Haikou City of Hainan Province was obviously the peak in summer and autumn, the incidence mainly concentrated in June to September, accounting for 74.09% of the total number of the year. The incidence of urban area was 514 cases, the incidence rate was 66.23%. The incidence of suburban area was 262 cases, the incidence rate was 33.76%. The incidence in urban area was significantly higher than that in suburban area (χ ~ 2 = 163, P <0.01). According to the statistics of the patient’s age, the number of children aged 0-4 was 419, accounting for 53.99% of the total number of cases, the highest percentage of all ages, followed by the patients aged 20-39, with 201 , Accounting for 25.90% of the total number of cases. Patients in the observation group had significantly higher stool frequency (P <0.05). The quality of life in observation group patients were significantly lower than the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion The incidence of bacterial dysentery in Haikou City, Hainan Province, has obvious regional seasonal and age differences. The disease seriously affects the patients’ intestinal function and quality of life. All localities should formulate targeted prevention and control measures to reduce the disease according to their epidemic characteristics Incidence.