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1840年第一次鸦片战争后,古老中国的国门被英国侵略者打开。战败的清政府被迫签订不平等条约,如1842年的中英《南京条约》、1843年的中英《虎门条约》,开放广州、福建、厦门、宁波、上海五处为通商口岸,割让香港,赔款2100万银元,同意英国享有最惠国待遇和领事裁判权等,在近代外交史上留下了屈辱的一页。从此,各国列强纷纷效仿,1844年7月3日,美国特使顾盛(Caleb Cushing)和清朝两广总督耆英在澳门的望厦村签订《望厦条约》,这是美国与中国签订的第一个不平等条约。正是这个特使顾盛,后来成了美国第一任驻华公
After the first Opium War in 1840, the gates of ancient China were opened by British invaders. The defeated Qing government was forced to sign unequal treaties, such as the Sino-British Treaty of Nanjing in 1842 and the Sino-British Treaty of Humen in 1843, opening up five ports of commerce in Guangzhou, Fujian, Xiamen, Ningbo and Shanghai, and ceded Hong Kong , Indemnities of 21 million silver dollars, agreeing to Britain’s most favored nation treatment and consular jurisdiction, leaving a page of humiliation in the history of modern diplomacy. Since then, the powers of all countries have followed suit. On July 3, 1844, U.S. special envoy Caleb Cushing signed the Treaty of Wangxia with Wang Qing, governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, in Wangxia Village, Macau, the first U.S.-China agreement An unequal treaty. It was this special envoy Gu Sheng who later became the first U.S. resident official in China