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城市公用事业是为城镇居民生产和生活提供必需的产品和服务的行业,主要包括城市供水、污水和垃圾处理、管道燃气、公共交通等行业。传统经济理论认为,城市公用事业是典型的市场失灵领域,市场竞争难以发挥作用,并主张在一定地域内由一家或少数几家国有企业垄断经营。但在传统管理体制下,国有企业垄断经营普遍存在竞争活力不足、经营效率和服务质量较低、融资渠道单一等问题。城市公用事业部分领域具有可经营性,这些领域能够获得相对稳定的利润,这意味着可以鼓励和引导民间资本进入可经营性的城市公用事业领域。通常,民营企业在
Urban public utilities are industries that provide the necessary products and services for the production and livelihood of urban residents. They mainly include urban water supply, sewage and garbage disposal, pipeline gas, public transportation and other industries. According to the traditional economic theory, urban public utilities is a typical market failure. Market competition is hard to play a role and advocates monopolizing operation by one or a few state-owned enterprises in a certain area. However, under the traditional management system, the monopoly of state-owned enterprises has the problems of lack of competitiveness, low operational efficiency and service quality and single channel of financing. Some aspects of urban utilities are manageable, and those areas have access to relatively stable profits, which means that private capital can be encouraged and directed into operational urban utilities. Often, private companies are there