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Asian cultivated rice(Oryza sativa L.)is a staple food crop in China.Accordingly,many studies have focused on grain size and weight as a means to increase rice yield.Two main subgroups of cultivated rice,Indica and Japonica,have evolved independently under natural and human selection,and a key morphological dif-ference between these subgroups is grain shape:slender in Indica rice and ovate in Japonica.Elucidating the genetic basis of grain shape will provide insights into rice evolution and open new ave-nues for molecular breeding of improved grain shape.