论文部分内容阅读
笔者任教高中英语，在使用《新高中英语》模块5、模块6和修订版《高中英语》的过程中，发现该书有的语句不够准确和规范。现将本人认为是病句的原句列举出来（括号中的页码是该句的出处），并加注本人的见解。倘若有不周之处，望同行指正。
1.For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.（英语模块5第34页2007年4月第2版）
分析：此句的单词placing应改作单词place，动词keep和place是并列关系。介词by的宾语有两个，即putting them back in a basin of cold water和squeezing them out。因此，修改后的语句应为：For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them in a basin of cold water and squeezing them out and place them on the burned area for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.
2.On the one hand, Dr Foster thinks that the trend which increases the temperature by 5 degrees would be a catastrophe.（英语模块6第26页2007年4月第2版）
分析：trend后面应该接同位语从句that the temperature increases by 5 degrees。原文which increases the temperature by 5 degrees用在此处不妥。原句中的trend, increase, temperature三个单词在语义搭配上似乎讲不通。
例如：We lost a million good manufacturing jobs between 1990 and 1995, continuing the trend that the blue-collar work force has been reduced from about 30 percent in the 1950s to about half that today.
3. Low-lying countries feel their very existence is in danger from rising sea levels.（英语模块6第29页2007年4月第2版）
教参提供的答案如下：It is their very existence that low-lying countries feel is in danger from rising sea levels.
分析：此种说法不妥，宜改为：Low-lying countries feel that it is their very existence that is in danger from rising sea levels，应在原句的宾语从句中使用强调结构。
例如：They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.（英语模块6第26页2007年4月第2版）
4. It is Charles Keeling who made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.（英语模块6第29页2007年4月第2版）
分析：本句中的is宜改为was。当原句使用一般现在时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、将来进行时、将来完成时、将来完成进行时等非过去时态时，宜用强调结构 it is...that/who...。当原句使用一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去完成进行时、过去将来时、过去将来进行时、过去将来完成时、过去将来完成进行时等时态时，宜用强调结构it was...that/who...。
例如：（1）The thought counts.→It is the thought that counts.（强调主语）
（2）Millennium Kids is asking you to reduce, reuse and recycle plastic bags.→It is plastic bags that Millennium Kids is asking you to reduce, reuse and recycle.（强调宾语）
（3）They have painted the wall green.→It is they that/who have painted the wall green.（强调主语）或者It is green that they have painted the wall.（强调宾语补足语）
（4）He eventually became a doctor.→It was he that eventually became a doctor.（强调主语）或者It was a doctor that he eventually became.（强调表语）
5.It is me that he blamed.（英语模块6教参第89页2007年4月第2版）
分析：本句中的is宜改为was，即It was me that he blamed。去掉强调结构，此句应还原为：He blamed me.强调主语He时，此句就成为：It was he that/who blamed me.
6.An AIDS awareness programme started by the Chinese Red Cross in Yunnan province six years ago has proved so successful that it is now running in several other provinces, including Xinjiang, Guangxi, Hainan, Fujian and Jilin.（英语模块6第60页2007年4月第2版）
分析：本句中的Yunnan province宜改为Yunnan Province。在由普通名词组成的专有名词短语中，每个普通名词的首字母必须大写。例如：the Communist Party of China（中国共产党），Jingshan Park（景山公园）, Shandong Province（山东省）, Mount Tai（泰山）, Beijing Airport（北京机场）, Cartoon City（动画城）, Animal World（动物世界）, Oriental Pearl（东方明珠）, Shopping Heaven（购物天堂）等。
7.Being black and a woman made life even more difficult in America at that time.（修订版《高中英语》第一册第17单元第34页2003年12月第1版）
分析：此句中的单词black前面需要添加不定冠词a,单词black在此处作“黑人”讲，为可数名词。因此，修改后的句子应为：Being a black and a woman made life more difficult in America at that time.
例如：（1）Unemployment among blacks was much higher than that for whites. （2）As he was a black, his job was to wait on table and wash dishes.（3）Martin Luther King was the first American Black to win a Nobel prize.
8.The biggest problem of Chinese farmers is the shortage of arable land.（修订版《高中英语》第一册第19单元第48 页2003年12月第1版）
教参提供的答案如下：It is the shortage of arable land that is the biggest problem of Chinese farmers.
分析：此种说法不妥，宜改为：It is the shortage of arable land that the biggest problem of Chinese farmers is.这道习题要求强调句子的表语部分。例如：She is beautiful.用强调结构时，可以强调原句的主语She和表语beautiful。即： It is she that/who is beautiful. 或It is beautiful that she is.
9.It is in November when we have to plough the land for the first time.（修订版《高中英语》第一册第19单元第49页2003年12月第1版）
分析：此句中的单词when应改为单词that。即：It is in November that we have to plough the land for the first time.去掉强调结构it is...that...后，该句则变为：We have to plough the land for the first time in November.类似的强调句如下：
(1)It is we that/who have to plough the land for the first time in November.（强调主语）
(2)It is the land that we have to plough for the first time in November.（强调宾语）
(3)It is for the first time that we have to plough the land in November.（强调状语）
10.People walk around and wearing nineteenth-century clothes.（修订版《高中英语》第一册第22单元第127页2003年12月第1版）
分析：此种说法不妥，动词walk和单词wearing之间，不存在并列关系，宜改为：People walk around and wear nineteenth-century clothes.或改为：People walk around wearing nineteenth-century clothes.
以上所摘录的病句，多属中学英语教学中教师告诫学生不要犯的语言错误，可是令人遗憾的是，这些错误竟然出现在被学生视为典范的教材中。这种现象应当引起出版社的高度重视。笔者认为各级各类学校的教材编写，是一件十分严肃的事情，要求各位编著者、审校者在工作中认真、认真、再认真。只有这样，才有可能编写出精品教材、经典教材，编写出可以和《新概念英语》一样深受广大英语学习者欢迎的英语教材。
参考文献：
[1] 梁实秋主编，《远东英汉大词典》，商务印书馆出版
[2] 吕志士、袁锡兴主编，《英语惯用法大词典》，中国科学技术出版社
[3] 王慧、王小荣主编，《中学英语语法大全》，西安出版社
[4] 张道真编著，《实用英语语法》，商务印书馆
[5] 北京仁爱教育研究所编著，《仁爱版英语》，湖南教育出版社
1.For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.（英语模块5第34页2007年4月第2版）
分析：此句的单词placing应改作单词place，动词keep和place是并列关系。介词by的宾语有两个，即putting them back in a basin of cold water和squeezing them out。因此，修改后的语句应为：For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them in a basin of cold water and squeezing them out and place them on the burned area for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.
2.On the one hand, Dr Foster thinks that the trend which increases the temperature by 5 degrees would be a catastrophe.（英语模块6第26页2007年4月第2版）
分析：trend后面应该接同位语从句that the temperature increases by 5 degrees。原文which increases the temperature by 5 degrees用在此处不妥。原句中的trend, increase, temperature三个单词在语义搭配上似乎讲不通。
例如：We lost a million good manufacturing jobs between 1990 and 1995, continuing the trend that the blue-collar work force has been reduced from about 30 percent in the 1950s to about half that today.
3. Low-lying countries feel their very existence is in danger from rising sea levels.（英语模块6第29页2007年4月第2版）
教参提供的答案如下：It is their very existence that low-lying countries feel is in danger from rising sea levels.
分析：此种说法不妥，宜改为：Low-lying countries feel that it is their very existence that is in danger from rising sea levels，应在原句的宾语从句中使用强调结构。
例如：They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.（英语模块6第26页2007年4月第2版）
4. It is Charles Keeling who made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.（英语模块6第29页2007年4月第2版）
分析：本句中的is宜改为was。当原句使用一般现在时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、将来进行时、将来完成时、将来完成进行时等非过去时态时，宜用强调结构 it is...that/who...。当原句使用一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去完成进行时、过去将来时、过去将来进行时、过去将来完成时、过去将来完成进行时等时态时，宜用强调结构it was...that/who...。
例如：（1）The thought counts.→It is the thought that counts.（强调主语）
（2）Millennium Kids is asking you to reduce, reuse and recycle plastic bags.→It is plastic bags that Millennium Kids is asking you to reduce, reuse and recycle.（强调宾语）
（3）They have painted the wall green.→It is they that/who have painted the wall green.（强调主语）或者It is green that they have painted the wall.（强调宾语补足语）
（4）He eventually became a doctor.→It was he that eventually became a doctor.（强调主语）或者It was a doctor that he eventually became.（强调表语）
5.It is me that he blamed.（英语模块6教参第89页2007年4月第2版）
分析：本句中的is宜改为was，即It was me that he blamed。去掉强调结构，此句应还原为：He blamed me.强调主语He时，此句就成为：It was he that/who blamed me.
6.An AIDS awareness programme started by the Chinese Red Cross in Yunnan province six years ago has proved so successful that it is now running in several other provinces, including Xinjiang, Guangxi, Hainan, Fujian and Jilin.（英语模块6第60页2007年4月第2版）
分析：本句中的Yunnan province宜改为Yunnan Province。在由普通名词组成的专有名词短语中，每个普通名词的首字母必须大写。例如：the Communist Party of China（中国共产党），Jingshan Park（景山公园）, Shandong Province（山东省）, Mount Tai（泰山）, Beijing Airport（北京机场）, Cartoon City（动画城）, Animal World（动物世界）, Oriental Pearl（东方明珠）, Shopping Heaven（购物天堂）等。
7.Being black and a woman made life even more difficult in America at that time.（修订版《高中英语》第一册第17单元第34页2003年12月第1版）
分析：此句中的单词black前面需要添加不定冠词a,单词black在此处作“黑人”讲，为可数名词。因此，修改后的句子应为：Being a black and a woman made life more difficult in America at that time.
例如：（1）Unemployment among blacks was much higher than that for whites. （2）As he was a black, his job was to wait on table and wash dishes.（3）Martin Luther King was the first American Black to win a Nobel prize.
8.The biggest problem of Chinese farmers is the shortage of arable land.（修订版《高中英语》第一册第19单元第48 页2003年12月第1版）
教参提供的答案如下：It is the shortage of arable land that is the biggest problem of Chinese farmers.
分析：此种说法不妥，宜改为：It is the shortage of arable land that the biggest problem of Chinese farmers is.这道习题要求强调句子的表语部分。例如：She is beautiful.用强调结构时，可以强调原句的主语She和表语beautiful。即： It is she that/who is beautiful. 或It is beautiful that she is.
9.It is in November when we have to plough the land for the first time.（修订版《高中英语》第一册第19单元第49页2003年12月第1版）
分析：此句中的单词when应改为单词that。即：It is in November that we have to plough the land for the first time.去掉强调结构it is...that...后，该句则变为：We have to plough the land for the first time in November.类似的强调句如下：
(1)It is we that/who have to plough the land for the first time in November.（强调主语）
(2)It is the land that we have to plough for the first time in November.（强调宾语）
(3)It is for the first time that we have to plough the land in November.（强调状语）
10.People walk around and wearing nineteenth-century clothes.（修订版《高中英语》第一册第22单元第127页2003年12月第1版）
分析：此种说法不妥，动词walk和单词wearing之间，不存在并列关系，宜改为：People walk around and wear nineteenth-century clothes.或改为：People walk around wearing nineteenth-century clothes.
以上所摘录的病句，多属中学英语教学中教师告诫学生不要犯的语言错误，可是令人遗憾的是，这些错误竟然出现在被学生视为典范的教材中。这种现象应当引起出版社的高度重视。笔者认为各级各类学校的教材编写，是一件十分严肃的事情，要求各位编著者、审校者在工作中认真、认真、再认真。只有这样，才有可能编写出精品教材、经典教材，编写出可以和《新概念英语》一样深受广大英语学习者欢迎的英语教材。
参考文献：
[1] 梁实秋主编，《远东英汉大词典》，商务印书馆出版
[2] 吕志士、袁锡兴主编，《英语惯用法大词典》，中国科学技术出版社
[3] 王慧、王小荣主编，《中学英语语法大全》，西安出版社
[4] 张道真编著，《实用英语语法》，商务印书馆
[5] 北京仁爱教育研究所编著，《仁爱版英语》，湖南教育出版社