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世界各国正在进行社会保障制度改革。我们看到改革从整个拉丁美洲国家和一些OECD（经济合作与发展组织）国家开始，而现在东欧和前苏联国家也掀起了改革浪潮。这表明尽管改革一开始在政治上是艰难的，但确实是可能的，即使是在民主国家。改革的基本原因在全世界是相似的。首先?
Various countries in the world are carrying out social security reform. We have seen reforms started from all Latin American countries and some OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, and now the waves of reform are also being set off in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. This shows that although the reform was politically difficult at the outset, it is indeed possible, even in democracies. The basic reason for the reform is similar throughout the world. First of all?