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黑龙江省干旱的自然特点是小麦生育前期干旱,生育后期多雨。本文采用盆栽试验模拟黑龙江省干旱和半干旱的土壤水分特点,对不同类型的5个品种进行抗旱性特点的研究。试验结果表明,品种抗旱性是一个复杂的特性、是各种性状的综合表现。一般可用抗旱系数的大小表示抗旱性强弱,抗旱类型品种在干旱处理中,其地上部植株表现较高,分蘖力强且成穗率高。小穗着生稀,穗部结构,主穗粒数、主穗粒重、千粒重、有效小穗数受干旱影响较轻。抗旱品种的地下部分在干旱处理下,表现为根系长,生育前期报数多、根较重、体积大。植株生长的动态,苗期地上部生长缓慢、地下部伸长快。据此,提出了品种抗旱性鉴定的重要标志性状。
The natural feature of drought in Heilongjiang Province is the drought in the early days of wheat growth and rainy days in later growth period. In this paper, pot experiments were used to simulate the characteristics of arid and semi-arid soil moisture in Heilongjiang Province, and the drought resistance characteristics of five different types of cultivars were studied. The results showed that the drought tolerance of varieties is a complex characteristic, which is the comprehensive performance of various traits. Generally, the size of drought-resistant coefficient can be used to indicate the strength of drought-resistance. In the drought-resistant variety, the varieties of drought-resistant type have higher plant performance, strong tillering ability and high spike rate. Spike with thin, spike structure, the number of main spike, main spike weight, 1000-grain weight, effective spikelets less affected by the drought. Under drought conditions, the underground parts of drought-resistant cultivars showed root length, more number of pre-growth reeds, heavier roots and larger volume. The dynamic of plant growth, the growth of the upper part of the seedling slow, rapid elongation of the ground. Based on this, the important landmark traits of drought tolerance identification were put forward.