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1978年12月,党的十一届三中全会开启了中国改革开放的大门。在改革开放的20年,我国社会、政治、经济、文化等各个方面发生了深刻的变革。开发区则是这种变革的产物。回顾20年改革开放历程,不难发现,在我国改革开放进程中有一个鲜明的特征,那就是,我们党和政府既是改革的组织者,又是推动改革的主导力量,而开发区则是最能体现这一特征的典型范例。因此,深入研究开发区的发生、发展过程,内部机制的形成过程,以及它的实际价值,无疑会对推动更为广阔领域的改革开放事业具有积极的理论意义和实践意义。 一、海南特区内开发区的产生背景 1988年初,海口金盘工业开发区、海口海甸岛东部开发区开始建设。随着海南特区的发展,以洋浦经济开发区为代表的一大批开发区相继建立。截至1997年底,全省经国务院和省政府批准建立的各类开发区25个,面积301.74平方公里,其中工业开发区6个、旅游开发区14个、综合开发区5个。与其他地区的开发区相比,海南特区内开发区的产生背景有很大的不同,主要表现在以下几个方面。 (一)思想政治背景 海南特区所建立的工业开发区、旅游开发区和综合开发区都被称为经济性特区。从属性上来说,海南特区与特区内的各类开发区是一样的。海南的开发区成了大特区中的小特区,这是世界经济性特区4
In December 1978, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party opened the door to China’s reform and opening up. In the two decades of reform and opening up, profound changes have taken place in all aspects of our society, politics, economy and culture. Development Zone is the product of this change. Looking back at the course of 20 years of reform and opening up, it is not hard to find that there is a distinctive feature in the process of China’s reform and opening up. That is, our party and government are both the organizers of the reform and the leading force in promoting the reform while the development zones are the most A typical example of this feature. Therefore, in-depth study of the occurrence and development of the zone, the formation process of the internal mechanism, and its actual value will undoubtedly have positive theoretical and practical significance for promoting the reform and opening up in a broader area. First, the development zone within the Hainan Special Economic Zone background In early 1988, Haikou Gold Plate Industrial Development Zone, Haidian Haidian Island East Development Zone began construction. With the development of Hainan Special Economic Zone, a large number of development zones represented by Yangpu Economic Development Zone have been established one after another. By the end of 1997, the province had approved 25 development zones of all kinds approved by the State Council and the provincial government with an area of 301.74 square kilometers, including 6 industrial development zones, 14 tourism development zones and 5 comprehensive development zones. Compared with the development zones in other regions, there are very different backgrounds for the development zones within the Hainan Special Economic Zone, mainly in the following aspects. (I) Ideological and Political Background The industrial development zones, tourism development zones and comprehensive development zones established by the Hainan Special Economic Zone are all called special economic zones. From a property point of view, Hainan Special Economic Zone and the various zones within the zone is the same. Hainan’s development zone has become a small special zone in the Greater Special Economic Zone, which is the world economic special zone4