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印度块菌是云南省重要的出口野生菌之一.云南昆明滇池周边地区土壤为富含磷的石灰岩土,属于云南省较早发现印度块菌的地区之一,是该省印度块菌的主要产区之一.作者于2003年11月调查研究了昆明滇池周边地区3个有印度块菌发生的样点的地理、气候、土壤和植被特征,以及块菌产量状况.结果表明,昆明滇池周边地区的气候条件、土壤类型、植被特征等适宜印度块菌生长,无论是人工林、自然林或是天然次生林都可发生印度块菌,这为在造林过程中实现人工培育印度块菌提供了实际证据.在地表落叶层厚的土层中,该菌子囊果发生在落叶层与土壤的交界处,一般来说,单个子囊果体积的2/5位于落叶层中,而另外的3/5则埋在土壤中;在落叶层较稀的地方,如果土壤疏松层较厚,则印度块菌常发生在距土表6 cm左右的疏松土层中;如果土壤疏松层较薄(<3 cm),印度块菌则生长在土壤结实层以上或单个子囊果体积的2/3在疏松层中,而另外的1/3在土壤结实层中.昆明滇池周边地区的印度块菌与云南松、华山松共生,属于外生菌根真菌.在所调查的样方中,华山松林下的印度块菌产量比云南松林的高,人工林的块菌产量比自然纯林的高.其产量与林地中云南松分布密度呈负相关,与华山松分布密度呈正相关.
Indian truffles are one of the important exporting wild mushrooms in Yunnan Province.The soil in the area around Dianchi Lake in Kunming, Yunnan Province is phosphorus-rich limestone soil, belonging to one of the areas in Yunnan that found Indian truffles earlier, One of the producing areas.The author investigated the geographical, climatic, soil and vegetation characteristics of three samples of Indian truffles occurring in the area around Dianchi Lake in Kunming in November 2003, and the production status of truffles.The results showed that around Dianchi Lake in Kunming, The climatic conditions, soil types and vegetation characteristics of the region are suitable for the growth of Indian truffles. Indian truffles can occur both in plantation forests, natural forests and natural secondary forests, which provides the practical means to cultivate Indian truffles in afforestation process Evidence In the soil layers where the surface deciduous layer is thick, the mycoplasma occurs at the junction of the deciduous layer and the soil, and in general, 2/5 of the individual ascocarpon volume is in the deciduous layer while the other 3/5 Buried in the soil; where the deciduous layer is thin, if the soil is loose, then the Indian truffle often occurs in the loose soil about 6 cm away from the soil surface; if the soil loose layer is thinner (<3 cm) , Indian truffles are growing Two thirds of the volume above the soil stratum or single ascus was in the loose layer and the other one-third was in the soil stratum. Indian truffles in the area around the Dianchi Lake in Kunming were symbiotic with Pinus yunnanensis and Pinus armandii, Mycorrhizal fungi.In the investigated plots, the yield of Indian truffles in Pinus armandii forest is higher than that of Pinus yunnanensis, and the production of truffles in plantations is higher than that of natural pure forest.The density of Pinus yunnanensis in forest is negative Related to the distribution density of Pinus armandi was positively correlated.