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儒家德治思想是中国古代政治思想的主体,中国古代的政治、经济、法律及文化教育的发展深深地打上了德治思想的烙印。所谓德政,就是以仁德作为施政的主要手段,以仁德爱民的精神来治理国家。德治思想最根本核心内涵经历了礼治、仁治到理治的发展阶段。儒家创始人孔子总结夏殷周三代的治国经验,首先提出以礼为中心的德政思想。孟子则做了进一步补充,将仁治作为德治的根本,发展和丰富了德治思想内容。宋明新儒家为了拯救中华传统思想,提出以理为德全新的德治思想。
The Confucian idea of “governing by virtue” is the main body of political thought in ancient China. The development of political, economic, legal and cultural education in ancient China has deeply imprinted the ideology of virtue. The so-called moral government refers to adopting virtue as the main means of governance and governing the country in the spirit of “virtue, compassion, and respect for the people.” The most basic core conception of rule by virtue has gone through the stage of development from rule of law to benevolent rule to rule of law. Confucius, the founder of Confucianism, summed up Xia Yin’s experience of ruling the country on his third generation. He first proposed the moral thought of taking ritual as the center. Mencius made a further supplement, taking benevolent rule as the basis of governing the country by virtue, and developed and enriched the contents of the thought of governing by virtue. In order to save the Chinese traditional thoughts, the Song, Ming and Qing Confucians proposed a brand-new rule of virtue in virtue of virtue.