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科学技术与“现实的人”是马克思哲学的两大关键词,具有十分丰富的内涵和意蕴。马克思联系人的本质看待科学技术的本质,积极肯定科学技术是历史性的革命力量,对科学技术是人的本质力量的全面表现持肯定性评判。与此同时,立足于资本主义社会中人的生存困境,马克思对科学技术的资本主义应用进行了现实的、具体的批判,这种批判思想渗透在其新世界观思想的形成与完善的过程中。马克思在现代资本主义工业文明的背景下全面、具体、现实地考察科学技术,这种批判既是对资本主义私有制度的批判,也是对工业文明人与科技关系的全面反思,这两方面相互依赖,密不可分。从文明形态视角揭示科技异化的根源,不是否定马克思科技异化的资本主义根源,而是从更深、更广的层面理解马克思的科技批判思想。
Science and Technology and “Reality Man ” are two key words of Marxist philosophy, with rich connotation and implication. The nature of Marxist contacts regards the nature of science and technology and positively affirms that science and technology are historic revolutionary forces and affirmatively judges science and technology as their overall performance. At the same time, based on the predicament of human existence in capitalist society, Marx made a realistic and specific critique of the application of capitalism in science and technology. This critical thinking permeated the formation and improvement of his new world outlook. Under the background of modern capitalist industrial civilization, Marx comprehensively, concretely and factually examines science and technology. This criticism is not only a critique of the capitalist private system, but also an overall reflection of the relationship between man and science and technology in an industrial civilization. These two are interdependent, Inseparable. To reveal the root cause of the alienation of science and technology from the perspective of the form of civilization is not to deny the source of capitalism alienated by Marxism but to understand Marx’s critical thinking of science and technology from a deeper and broader perspective.