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一、经济特区的类型比较 经济特区按其经营内容和构成的不同主要分为五种类型,即商业型、工业型、综合型、科技型及其他型。商业型经济特区主要从事贸易和转口贸易业务,一般设立在交通便利的机场、港口、铁路枢纽附近,并且要求具备良好的国际贸易条件,如对外经济交往经验、与国际市场的接轨、在国际贸易中的地位与声誉及简便快捷的办事作风等。工业型经济特区的典型形式是出口加工区,这种经济特区需要巨额的资金投入、良好的资源条件、完备的投资环境,特别对基础设施具有较高的要求,世界上绝大多数国家都将出口加工区设立在工业条件较好或地理位置优越的地区。综合型经济特区实际上是一种工贸结合的自由贸易区或出口加工区,因此具备上述两种经济特区的共同特点,即在地理位置上往往选择交涵便利并且有发展工业的良好条件的地区,而且在基础设施建设方面需要投入大量的财力,对投资环境具有较高的要求,特别是在经营条件的配套性与均衡性方面具有特殊的要求。科技型经济特区通常设立在科研机构较为密集、人才相对集中的地方,这种经济特区的建立必须有科学教育高度发达、尖端技术开发实力雄厚、高精尖产品生产水平相对领先作为基本保证。
I. Comparison of the Types of Special Economic Zones SEZs are mainly divided into five types according to the contents and composition of their business operations: commercial, industrial, synthetic, technological and other types. Commercial SEZs are mainly engaged in trade and entrepot trade. They are generally established near airports, ports and railroad terminals with convenient transportation. They require good international trade conditions, such as experience in foreign economic exchanges, alignment with the international market and international trade In the status and reputation and simple and efficient work style. The typical form of an industrial-type special economic zone is an export processing zone. Such a special economic zone requires huge capital investment, good resource conditions and a complete investment environment, especially for infrastructure. The vast majority of countries in the world will Export Processing Zone was established in the industrial conditions better or geographically superior areas. A comprehensive special economic zone is actually a free trade zone or export processing zone that is a combination of industry and commerce. Therefore, it has the common feature of the two special economic zones mentioned above that geographical advantages are often satisfied by the choice of convenient transportation and industrial development Regions, but also need to invest a large amount of financial resources in infrastructure construction and have high requirements on the investment environment. In particular, they have special requirements regarding the matching and balance of operating conditions. Scientific and technological special economic zones are usually established in places where scientific research institutions are relatively intensive and their talents are relatively concentrated. Such special economic zones must be established with highly developed science education, strong technological development of cutting-edge technologies and relatively advanced production levels of sophisticated products as the basic guarantee.