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1990年11月由国际海事组织召开的外交大会通过的《国际油污防备、反应与合作公约》,于1995年5月13日生效。该公约是帮助各国政府防止重大油污事故的国际法。公约共有19条规定,其中实质性内容有:国际合作与相互援助、污染报告、油污应急计划、国家和区域性防备与反应能力、技术合作与技术转让、研究与开发等项规定。该公约认识到,在发生油污事故时,为减少可能造成的损害采取迅速有效的行动至关重要;强调为抵御油污事故做好充分且有效准备的重要性及石油产业界和航运界在这方面的重要作用;要求缔约各方在交换各国对油污事故反应能力的资料、制定油污应急计划、事故报告
The “International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation” adopted by the Diplomatic Conference convened by the International Maritime Organization in November 1990 entered into force on May 13, 1995. The convention is an international law that helps governments to prevent major oil pollution incidents. The convention contains a total of 19 provisions. The substantive contents include international cooperation and mutual assistance, pollution reports, oil pollution emergency plans, national and regional capabilities for preparedness and response, technical cooperation and transfer of technology, research and development and other provisions. The Convention recognizes the importance of prompt and effective action to reduce potential damage in the event of an oil pollution incident; stresses the importance of adequate and effective preparedness to combat oil pollution accidents and the importance of the oil industry and the shipping community in this regard The contracting parties are required to exchange information on the ability of countries to respond to oil pollution incidents, formulate oil pollution emergency plans and report accidents