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目的：研究视力不良小学生屈光状态及近视眼发病的相关因素，方法：随机抽取温州市视力不良的小学生4696名（有效眼9392眼）进行扩瞳视网膜检影验光，填写调查表，调查各年级小学生屈光状态及其相关因素。结果：本组小学生视力不良以屈光不正为主，占79．7％，其中近视性屈光不正最多，占48．9％，其次是散光25.6％。随学习阶段上升，近视患病率逐渐增高，屈光参差患病率23．7％，弱视患病率以远视性屈光参差最高，达97．9％。近视眼发病与遗传因素（20．19％）及环境、体质因素有关。结论：在小学生中普查视力和屈光状态，以早期发现屈光不正和弱视，进行及时防治，对控制小学生视力不良有重要意义。
Objective: To study the related factors of refractive status and the incidence of myopia in poor eyesight students. Methods: 4696 primary school students (9392 effective eyes) were enrolled in this study. The pupil of retina was enrolled in this study. Refraction Status of Primary School Students and Related Factors. Results: The primary dysfunctions of primary pupils were mainly refractive errors, accounting for 79.7%. Among them, myopic refractive errors accounted for 48.9%, followed by 25.6% astigmatism. With the rise of learning stage, the prevalence of myopia gradually increased, the prevalence of anisometropia was 23.7%, the prevalence of amblyopia to hyperopia was the highest anisometropia, 97.9%. The incidence of myopia and genetic factors (20.19%) and the environment, physical factors. CONCLUSION: It is of great significance to control visual acuity and refractive status of primary school students in order to find out the errors of ametropia and amblyopia in early stage and to prevent and control them in time.