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以二稜皮大麦品种舟麦2号和秀四的幼胚及其愈伤组织为离体诱变材料,研究了γ射线不同剂量辐照后的离体培养反应、生理损伤及诱变效应。结果表明,用γ射线辐照离体大麦幼胚及其愈伤组织的适宜剂量是10—20Gy,MR_2代的突变频率可比常规诱变技术(300Gy γ射线辐照干种子)分别提高33.9％—82.1％和32.7％—229.6％;比离体培养技术分别提高84.0％—150.3％和82.4％—352.9％,而且仍可维持相对较好的培养反应。用30Gy辐照幼胚的诱变效果则可提高9—13倍,但严重抑制了离体培养物的再生能力,并导致了MR_1代严重的生理损伤。
The embryos and calli of two wheat cultivars, Zhoumai 2 and Xiu 4, were used as in vitro mutagenesis materials to study the in vitro culture response, physiological damage and mutagenic effects of different doses of γ-rays. The results showed that the suitable dose of irradiated γ - rays to immature embryos and their callus was 10-20Gy, and the frequency of mutation in MR_2 generations was increased by 33.9% - 30% compared with the conventional mutagenesis (300Gy γ - ray irradiation) 82.1% and 32.7% -229.6% respectively, which were 84.0% -150.3% and 82.4% -352.9% higher than that of in vitro culture respectively, and still maintained a relatively good culture reaction. The mutagenic effect of immature embryos irradiated with 30Gy increased 9-13-fold, but severely inhibited the regenerative capacity of in vitro cultures and resulted in severe physiological damage to MR-1.