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内毒素(EDT)系大肠杆菌等革兰氏阴性杆菌(GNB)细胞壁结构成分之一,是一种脂多糖(LPS)。人和动物肠管内虽有大量的EDT,唯在正常肠粘膜具有粘膜屏障(mucosal barrier,MB)而吸收甚微。吸收的少量EDT进入肠管壁毛细血管、静脉(一部分进入淋巴管),经门静脉到达肝脏,被枯否细胞“捕获”而解毒。通常,门静脉血中的EDT通过肝脏过程中儿全为枯否细胞所处理,因而从健康人末梢血中检测不出EDT。但是,当粘膜屏障发生破绽,以枯否细胞为主的网内系(RES)功能低下,或形成迂回肝脏之侧副循环时,即可由末梢血中查得EDT。
Endotoxin (EDT) is one of the structural components of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) such as Escherichia coli and is a lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Although there is a large amount of EDT in human and animal intestines, there is little absorption in normal intestinal mucosal barrier (MB). Absorbed a small amount of EDT into the intestine wall capillaries, veins (part into the lymphatic vessels), the portal vein to reach the liver, were Kupffer cells “capture” and detoxification. Normally, EDT in portal blood is handled by whole-body Kupffer cells in the liver, so EDT can not be detected from peripheral blood of healthy people. However, EDT can be detected from peripheral blood when the mucosal barrier is broken, the intracellular (RES) function mainly of Kupffer cells is low, or the side circulation of the detouring liver is formed.