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可持续发展水平的衡量是可持续发展研究的重要内容,它可以为政府的可持续发展决策提供重要的科学依据。依据1974年以来国外可持续发展相关文献,总结了不同学者对可持续发展的理解。根据进行可持续性评价时是否考虑了系统内部组分之间及内部组分与外部环境之间的关系,将评价方法分为三类:指标列举法、流量分析法和系统分析法。分析得出现有评价方法存在六点薄弱之处:对可持续性评价框架背后的机理研究较少;指标的选取具有一定的随意性;指标的标准化、赋权及集成方法的选取尚无统一标准;流量分析方法未包含与可持续性有关的全部强度参数;鲜有评价方法考虑了可持续发展的规模;极少方法提出了可持续发展的阈值范围。最后,指出了未来需要重点加强三个方面的研究:可持续发展的定义、可持续发展的阈值范围及系统分析方法。
The measure of the level of sustainable development is an important part of the sustainable development research. It can provide an important scientific basis for the government’s decision-making on sustainable development. Based on the literature on sustainable development abroad since 1974, this paper summarizes the different scholars’ understanding of sustainable development. The evaluation methods are divided into three categories according to whether the consideration of the relationship between internal components and internal components of the system and the external environment is taken into account when conducting the sustainability evaluation: indicator enumeration method, traffic analysis method and system analysis method. The analysis shows that there are six weaknesses in the existing evaluation methods: few studies on the mechanism behind the sustainability evaluation framework; the selection of indicators has a certain degree of freedom; there is no uniform standard for the selection of indicators for standardization, empowerment and integration ; The method of flow analysis does not include all of the intensity parameters related to sustainability; the few methods of assessment take into account the scale of sustainable development; and the few methods raise the threshold range of sustainable development. Finally, it points out that in the future, it is necessary to focus on three aspects: the definition of sustainable development, the threshold range of sustainable development and the method of systematic analysis.