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文本与语境的关系向来是文艺学研究的一个热点话题,也是俄国文艺美学中的一个恒定话题。本文简要回顾了历史上各种文学批评流派对语境研究的不同定位,从语境与文本的关系入手侧重分析了语境的基本特征,概述了语境研究的意义和必要性。并以俄罗斯文学作品为基本参照划分了三种主要语境类型,即文学语境、作家语境和历史语境,并解读了各种语境的分析原则和策略。
The relationship between text and context has always been a hot topic in literary studies and a constant topic in Russian literary aesthetics. This article reviews briefly the different positions of literary criticism genres in history on the study of context. From the relationship between context and text, this paper analyzes the basic characteristics of context and summarizes the significance and necessity of context study. Based on the Russian literary works, the author also divides three main types of context: Literary Context, Writer Context and Historical Context, and analyzes the principles and tactics of analyzing various contexts.