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为评价实现无脊髓灰质炎 (脊灰 )目标的卫生经济学效果 ,对山东省 195 6～ 2 0 0 0年的资料进行了分析。结果显示 :消灭脊灰活动的实施 ,成功地阻断了脊灰野病毒的循环 ,全省自 1991年 7月后已无脊灰野病毒引起的病例 ,口服脊灰疫苗 (OPV)接种率一直 >95 %,人群脊灰中和抗体保持在高水平。按脊灰发病和控制的不同时期进行分析 ,推广使用疫苗时期 ( 196 5～ 1978年 )和无特异免疫预防时期 ( 195 6～ 196 4年 )相比 ,计划免疫时期 ( 1979～ 1990年 )和推广使用疫苗时期相比 ,消灭脊灰活动时期 ( 1991～ 2 0 0 0年 )与计划免疫时期相比 ,其成本 效果比分别为每减少 1例脊灰需投入经费为 5 810 0 2元、10 94 86元、2 35 94 73元 ;消灭脊灰活动还可带来长远效果 ,2 0 0 1～ 2 0 10年不仅无脊灰病例发生 ,同时可节约大量的经费投入。消灭脊灰活动的成本 效果极为显著。
To assess the effectiveness of health economics in achieving poliomyelitis-free (polio) targets, data from 1961 to 2000 in Shandong Province were analyzed. The results showed that the poliovirus cycle was successfully blocked by the eradication of poliovirus activity. The poliovirus (OPV) vaccination rate in the province has been no more than 95% of the cases caused by poliovirus since July 1991 %, The population of polio neutral antibodies remain at high levels. According to the different stages of the pathogenesis and control of polio, the duration of immunization (1979-1990) and the duration of immunization were compared between the period of vaccination (196 5-1978) and the period of non-specific immunotherapy (195 6-1 196 4) Compared with the period of vaccination, the cost-effectiveness ratio of polio eradication activities (1991 ~ 2000) compared with the period of immunization was separately RMB 5 810 0 2 for each reduction of polio, 10 94 86 yuan and 2 35 94 73 yuan. Polio eradication activities can also bring long-term results. From 2001 to 2010, not only polio-free cases but also significant financial input could be saved. The cost effectiveness of polio eradication activities is extremely significant.