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目的了解和掌握蓬莱市54年来(1956-2009年)6种与预防接种相应的传染病:白喉、麻疹、百日咳、流行性脑脊髓膜炎、流行性乙型脑炎、脊髓灰质炎(以下简称:六病)发病与死亡情况,评价预防接种成效,为科学制订免疫规划提供依据。方法利用1956-2009年蓬莱市人口及疫情报告资料按照时间序列、病种分类进行分析,并对计划免疫实施前(1956-1977年)和实施(1978-2009年)的情况进行比较。结果 54年来,蓬莱市计划免疫相关疾病发病和死亡呈现大幅度下降趋势,自实施计划免疫以来,六病发病率与死亡率都大幅下降,年均总发病率从实施前的521.67/10万,降至实施后的10.97/10万,下降了97.90%,死亡率从实施前的13.01/10万降至实施后的0.36/10万,下降了97.21%。单病发病以麻疹为最多,其次为百日咳和流脑,白喉、脊灰和乙脑分别于1974年、1975年和1996年出现最后一例病例。共报告死亡病例1 202例,占法定报告传染病死亡总数的86.41%(1 202/1 391)。结论开展疫苗接种预防和控制相应传染病,尤其是1978年实施计划免疫后,成绩斐然,社会效益显著,是控制和消灭急性传染病最有效的措施。
Objective To understand and master six kinds of infectious diseases corresponding to vaccination in the past 54 years (1956-2009) in Penglai City: diphtheria, measles, whooping cough, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, Japanese encephalitis, polio (hereinafter referred to as : Six diseases) morbidity and mortality, evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination, provide scientific basis for the development of immunization programs. Methods The data of population and epidemic situation in Penglai City from 1956 to 2009 were analyzed according to time series and disease classification. The pre-planned immunization (1956-1977) and implementation (1978-2009) were compared. Results In the past 54 years, the incidence and death of planned immune-related diseases in Penglai City have shown a drastic downward trend. Since the implementation of the planned immunization, the incidence and mortality of the six diseases have dropped significantly, with an annual average incidence rate of 521.67 / Down to 10.97 / 100,000 after implementation, a decrease of 97.90%. The mortality rate dropped from 13.01 / 100,000 before implementation to 0.36 / 100,000 after implementation, down by 97.21%. Measles was the most common single disease, followed by pertussis and meningitis. Diphtheria, poliomyelitis and JE were the last cases in 1974, 1975 and 1996 respectively. A total of 1 202 cases of deaths were reported, accounting for 86.41% (1,202 / 1,391) of the total reported deaths from communicable diseases. Conclusion Vaccination to prevent and control the corresponding infectious diseases, especially after the implementation of the planned immunization in 1978, has achieved remarkable success and significant social benefits. It is the most effective measure to control and eradicate acute infectious diseases.