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为探究淮北地区不同氮肥水平下粳型超级稻产量形成及氮素吸收利用特征。在大田机插条件下,以常规中熟中粳超级稻和非超级稻(对照)为试材,设置3个氮肥水平即0、225、300 kg/hm2。从产量构成因素、干物质和氮素积累、茎蘖动态、叶面积指数等角度分析不同氮肥水平下粳型超级稻产量形成及氮素吸收利用特征。结果表明,随着氮肥施用量的增加超级稻平均产量呈增加趋势,对照产量则是先增加后减少。粳型超级稻最高产量平均值较对照最高产量平均值高10.98%。与对照相比,超级稻在3个氮肥水平下每穗粒数和群体颖花量高,结实率和千粒重与之相当;群体茎蘖移栽后早发快长,最终成穗率高;拔节前叶面积指数和光合势比对照低,拔节后比对照高,超级稻粒叶比在3个氮肥处理下均高于对照;拔节前,超级稻干物质积累量比对照低,而拔节至抽穗、抽穗至成熟阶段干物质积累量分别比对照高7.77%和6.96%;植株氮素阶段积累量和植株阶段吸收速率,移栽至拔节、拔节至抽穗、抽穗至成熟阶段超级稻均比对照高。淮北地区粳型超级稻籽粒产量在3个氮肥处理下均表现出明显的增产优势。超级稻移栽后叶面积指数、粒叶比和光合势较高,最终茎蘖成穗率高;穗型大,群体总颖花量高,穗后干物质积累量多;生育期相近的中熟中粳超级稻产量高于对照与其较强的氮素吸收特性有关。
In order to investigate the yield formation and nitrogen uptake and utilization of japonica rice under different N rates in the area of Huaibei. Under field condition, three nitrogenous fertilizers (0,225,300 kg / hm2) were set up with conventional middle-maturing medium japonica rice and non-super rice (control) as test materials. The yield formation, nitrogen uptake and utilization of japonica super rice at different nitrogen rates were analyzed from the aspects of yield components, dry matter and nitrogen accumulation, stem and tiller dynamics and leaf area index. The results showed that with the increase of N application rate, the average yield of super rice showed an increasing trend, but the control output increased first and then decreased. The highest average yield of Japonica super rice was 10.98% higher than the highest average yield of control. Compared with the control, super rice had the highest spikelet number and spikelet per spike at three levels of N fertilizer, with the same value of seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight. The leaf area index and photosynthetic potential before the festival were lower than those of the control, and were higher than those of the control after jointing. The grain-leaf ratio of super-rice was higher than that of the control under the three nitrogen treatments. Before jointing, the dry matter accumulation of super- From heading to maturity, the dry matter accumulation in heading stage to maturity stage were 7.77% and 6.96% higher than that in CK respectively. The average N accumulation stage and plant stage absorption rate, transplanting to jointing stage, jointing stage to heading stage, heading stage to maturity stage High control. The grain yield of japonica super rice in Huaibei area showed obvious yield increase under the three nitrogen treatments. The leaf area index, grain-leaf ratio and photosynthetic potential of super-rice after transplanting were high, and the final tillering rate of tillers was high; the panicle type was large, the total spikelet population was large, The yield of cooked medium japonica rice is higher than the control and its strong nitrogen absorption characteristics.