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目前世界上车用动力装置不断要求将所用能源的热转化达到最大,同时还要将对社会和环境的不良影响减到最小。动力装置及所用燃料必须安全和使用方便。同时动力装置还必须耐用并有使人满意的操作和使用性能。为了满足这些要求,正在研制各种各样的动力系统。但在最近十年内只有极少数可能实际得到广泛应用。其中可能应用的是:由于耐久性、低排放物和好的热效率而突出的发动机就是现代的柴油机。柴油机由于设计坚固、寿命长和热效率高,使得其多年来在重负荷领域内得到重大的成就。一方面由于在大型车辆和设备上得到成功的应用,另一方面由于转速低和燃烧压力高,使得普通的柴油机对中负荷和轻负荷车辆要求而言是太大、太贵和太重了。但是由于单位输出功率不断增加并且轻负荷发动机正在研制,这个看法已在改变。
The world’s automotive power units continue to demand maximum thermal conversion of energy used while minimizing the negative impact on society and the environment. Powerplant and fuel used must be safe and easy to use. At the same time the power plant must also be durable and have satisfactory operation and performance. In order to meet these requirements, a variety of power systems are being developed. However, only a very small number may actually be widely used in the last decade. Among the possible applications are: The modern diesel engine that stands out due to durability, low emissions and good thermal efficiency. Due to its robust design, long life and high thermal efficiency, diesel engines have made significant achievements over the years in heavy-duty areas. On the one hand due to successful applications on large vehicles and equipment, on the other hand the normal diesel engines are too large, too expensive and too heavy for medium and light-load vehicle requirements due to the low speed and high combustion pressure. However, this view has changed as the unit output is constantly increasing and light-load engines are under development.