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本文介绍了一种制造光纤的新方法。过去,主要是使玻璃管旋转,让玻璃微粒沉积在管子内部,以制作预制件,并进行拉丝。与此相反,新方法是使玻璃微粒沿轴向沉积、生长,经透明处理制成预制件。这样就能连续制作预制件,适合大量生产。研制初期主要课题是,降低OH根所产生的损耗、控制折射率分布和实现单模光纤等。本论文介绍了解决这类问题的各种技术。现在,正在试制能基本上除去OH根、波长在1.2～1.7μm范围内损耗为0.5dB/km以下的渐变型光纤,以及正在试制损耗相同、能从一根预制件拉丝到100km长的单模光纤。此外,也适于制造大数值孔径光纤,因而适应广泛的用途。其中一部分已开始使用于试验系统中。很早以前人们就知道用光纤传导可见光,在本世纪三十年代已经申请专利了。到了五十年代,由于发明了包层纤维技术,解决了光漏泄问题,制造了以应用于传播图像、胃镜为目的的光纤,而开始实用化。当时光纤的损耗,虽然高达每公里数千分贝,但是因使用长度不长,所以也是足够的了。这种光纤如用作通信用传输介质则必须进一步降低其损耗。
This article describes a new method of making optical fibers. In the past, the glass tube was mainly rotated to deposit glass particles inside the tube to make the preform and draw it. In contrast, the new method is to deposit glass particles in the axial direction, grow and make the preform by transparent treatment. This will allow for the continuous production of preforms for mass production. The main research topics are to reduce the OH root loss, control the refractive index distribution and the realization of single-mode fiber. This paper presents various techniques for solving this type of problem. At present, tapered optical fibers that basically remove OH radicals and have a loss of 0.5 dB / km or less in the wavelength range of 1.2 to 1.7 μm are being tried, and single-mode optical fibers that are undergoing trial-and-error loss can be drawn from one preform to a length of 100 km optical fiber. In addition, it is also suitable for manufacturing large numerical aperture optical fibers, thus accommodating a wide range of uses. Part of it has started to be used in the test system. Long ago people knew that using optical fiber to transmit visible light was patented in the thirties of this century. In the 1950s, due to the invention of the clad fiber technology, the problem of light leakage was solved, and the optical fiber for the purpose of transmitting images and gastroscopes was manufactured and put into practical use. At that time, optical fiber loss, although up to thousands of decibels per kilometer, but due to the use of the length is not long, so it is sufficient. If such optical fiber is used as a transmission medium for communication, its loss must be further reduced.