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如同詹姆斯·穆尔在1996年出版的《竞争的衰亡》中所指,“熟知的竞争正在死亡。传统上从产品和市场这两点来看待竞争,但却忽略了企业的生存环境,企业需要在这个环境中与其他企业共同发展,既有竞争,又有合作。”詹姆斯·穆尔率先将生物生态系统理论应用于商业领域,企业生态系统中的每一家企业与整个企业生态体系是共依存的,尤其是在一个网络化联结的行业里。曾被比尔?盖茨强力推荐的《共赢:商业生态系统对企业战略、创新和可持续
As James Moore pointed out in “The Decline of Competition,” published in 1996, “the well-known competition is dying, but competition has traditionally been viewed from the point of view of products and markets, but ignoring the living environment of enterprises, Need to develop together with other companies in this environment, both competition and cooperation. ”James Moore took the lead in the bioecological theory applied to the commercial field, every enterprise in the enterprise ecosystem and the entire enterprise ecosystem is Total dependence, especially in a networked industry. “Win-win” strongly recommended by Bill Gates: The Business Ecosystem for Business Strategy, Innovation and Sustainability