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在神农架北坡不同海拔垂直带谱的五个土壤类型中,粘土矿物以2:1型为主,1:1型高岭含量轻少,硅铝率多在3.0—3.4之间。黄棕壤,山地黄棕壤粘土矿物以水云母为主,其次是蛭石,高岭和少量1.4nm过矿物;山地棕壤,山地暗棕壤和山地棕色针叶林土以1.4nm过渡矿物为主,其次是水云母,绿泥石,高岭和很少量蛭石。土壤粘粒的各种活性铁、铝氯化物含量及其活化度均随海拔升高而明显提高,并且各种氧化铝增加的幅度比氧化铁的更大。根据该区土壤的粘粒矿物组成和气候特点,分析讨论了神农架土壤粘粒矿物的风化和成土作用特点。
Among the five soil types with vertical bands at different altitudes in the northern slope of Shennongjia, the clay minerals are dominated by 2: 1 type, the content of kaolinite type 1: 1 is light, and the ratio of silica to alumina is mostly between 3.0-3.4. Yellow brown soil and yellow brown clay in mountainous area are dominated by hydromica, followed by vermiculite, kaolinite and a small amount of 1.4nm o-mineral. The brown soil of mountainous area, dark brown soil of mountainous area and brown coniferous forest soil of mountainous area are dominated by 1.4nm transitional mineral Followed by water mica, chlorite, kaolinite and a small amount of vermiculite. The contents of various active iron and aluminum chloride and the activation degree of soil clay increased obviously with the elevation, and all kinds of alumina increased more than iron oxide. According to the clay mineral composition and climate characteristics of the soil in the area, we analyzed and discussed the weathering and soil-forming characteristics of clay minerals in Shennongjia soil.