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一、问题及其限定一般认为“法律行为”(Rechtgeschaefte)一词是德国学者创造的法律术语。在英美法中找不到相应的词语。法律行为理论在大陆民法的位置极其显赫。它被誉为“民法规则理论化之象征”;“大陆法系民法学中辉煌的成就(the proudest achievement)”。庞德也指出,在罗马法中,决定权利义务关系的媒介是“行为”。在大陆法系,这种“行为”主要是指法律行为。而在英美法系中,决定权利义务的主要是“关系”。如此重要的一个制度,在部分学者那里却遭到了猛烈的批判。茨威格特和克茨在《比较法导论》第2卷中猛烈地批判了法律行为
I. THE PROBLEMS AND THEIR RESTRICTIONS It is generally accepted that the term “legal action” (“Rechtgeschaefte”) is a legal term created by German scholars. In English and American law can not find the corresponding words. The theory of legal behavior is extremely prominent in civil law in mainland China. It is reputed as “the symbol of the theory of civil law ”; “the proudest achievement ” in civil law of civil law. Pound also pointed out that in the Roman law, the right to determine the relationship between the media is “behavior ”. In civil law, this “behavior ” mainly refers to legal acts. In Anglo-American legal system, the main decision of rights and obligations is “relationship ”. A system so important has been severely criticized by some scholars. Zweig and Kett violently criticized legal acts in Volume 2 of the Introduction to Comparative Law