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目的观察氯雷他定对支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)和血清IL-5表达以及嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)计数的影响,探讨氯雷他定对哮喘豚鼠模型呼吸道高反应性的作用。方法将32只豚鼠随机分为正常对照组、哮喘组、氯雷他定低剂量组及氯雷他定高剂量组。经鸡卵白蛋白(OVA)致敏后,给予OVA雾化吸入,诱发哮喘发作制作哮喘模型,氯雷他定低剂量组和氯雷他定高剂量组分别给予氯雷他定2 mg.kg-1和10 mg.kg-1灌服。在末次雾化吸入OVA后,经动物呼吸机测定豚鼠呼吸道压力,用酶联免疫法检测其血清和BALF中IL-5水平,并计数外周血及BALF中EOS。结果正常对照组、哮喘组、氯雷他定低剂量干预组及高剂量干预组血清IL-5水平分别为(0.27±0.04)ng.L-1、(0.41±0.03)ng.L-1、(0.38±0.02)ng.L-1及(0.31±0.03)ng.L-1,BALF中IL-5水平分别为(0.10±0.01)ng.L-1、(0.38±0.04)ng.L-1、(0.33±0.05)ng.L-1及(0.23±0.09)ng.L-1;外周血EOS计数分别为(4.0±0.6)×108L-1、(54.6±7.6)×108L-1、(44.5±3.9)×108L-1及(29.0±5.8)×108L-1;BALF中EOS计数分别为(3.0±0.5)×108L-1、(33.7±3.9)×108L-1、(27.1±3.2)×108L-1及(18.6±3.3)×108L-1。以上各指标任意2组比较差异均有统计学意义(Pa<0.05,0.01)。当吸入组胺质量浓度为10 mg.L-1和20 mg.L-1时,哮喘组与氯雷他定低剂量组比较差异无统计学意义,其余任意2组比较差异均有统计学意义(Pa<0.05)。结论氯雷他定低、高剂量均能改善哮喘模型中豚鼠呼吸道高反应性,并对血清及BALF中IL-5的表达有抑制作用,同时使血清、BALF中EOS计数减少。
Objective To observe the effect of loratadine on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), serum IL-5 expression and eosinophil count, and to explore the effect of loratadine on airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic guinea pig model. Methods Thirty-two guinea pigs were randomly divided into normal control group, asthma group, loratadine low-dose group and loratadine high-dose group. After sensitized by OVA, OVA was inhaled to induce asthma attack and asthma model. Low-dose loratadine group and high-dose loratadine group were given loratadine 2 mg.kg- 1 and 10 mg.kg-1 fed. After the last inhalation of OVA by atomization, the respiratory pressure of guinea pigs was measured by animal respirator, the levels of IL-5 in serum and BALF were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the counts of EOS in peripheral blood and BALF were counted. Results The serum levels of IL-5 in the normal control group, asthma group, loratadine low-dose intervention group and high-dose intervention group were (0.27 ± 0.04) ng.L-1 and (0.41 ± 0.03) ng.L-1, (0.38 ± 0.02) ng.L-1 and (0.31 ± 0.03) ng.L-1, and the levels of IL-5 in BALF were (0.10 ± 0.01) ng.L-1 and (0.38 ± 0.04) ng.L- 1, (0.33 ± 0.05) ng.L-1 and (0.23 ± 0.09) ng.L-1, respectively. EOS counts in the peripheral blood were (4.0 ± 0.6) × 108L-1 and (54.6 ± 7.6) (44.5 ± 3.9) × 108L-1 and (29.0 ± 5.8) × 108L-1 respectively. The counts of EOS in BALF were (3.0 ± 0.5) × 108L-1, (33.7 ± 3.9) × 108L- ) × 108L-1 and (18.6 ± 3.3) × 108L-1. The above indicators of any two groups were statistically significant differences (Pa <0.05,0.01). There was no significant difference between asthma group and loratadine low dose group when the inhaled histamine concentration was 10 mg.L-1 and 20 mg.L-1, the other two groups were statistically significant (Pa <0.05). Conclusion Both loratadine low dose and high dose can improve the airway hyperresponsiveness of guinea pigs in asthma model and inhibit the expression of IL-5 in serum and BALF, and reduce the count of EOS in serum and BALF.