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《古今图书集成》辑录了省、府、县三级土地数字,上限“原额”大体是明万历清丈后的数据,下限截至康熙二十二年(1683年)。这种基于分县统计资料的全国性大汇总,是明清土地问题研究不可或缺的断面“基准”数据。征引的方志有些现已难以查到了,故而登录的土地数字就愈显得珍贵。可是,《古今图书集成》辑录的土地数字来源于官修方志无论在统计口径,还是在数据单位内涵上均存在着繁简不一、登记纷乱的现象,误差也很大。只有对其资料来源、属性和存在的问题作切实的了解和尽可能详尽的考订,才能发挥其应有的利用价值。本文对《古今图书集成》所载土地数字存在的时间断面、土地类型、统计系统和数字属性等问题进行考证鉴别,旨在厘清土地数字的真实性、可靠性,发挥其应有的价值,达到科学收集和利用历史数据的目的。
“Ancient and modern book integration” recorded the provincial, prefectural and county levels of land figures, the ceiling “original ” is generally the data after the Ming Wanli Qing Zhang, the minimum as of Kangxi twenty-two years (1683). This large-scale national summary based on sub-county statistical data is an indispensable cross-section “benchmark ” data for the study of land issues in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Some of the recorded chores are hard to find and the more valuable the land for registration is. However, the records of “ancient and modern book integration” originated from the fact that the records of the official land records vary greatly in terms of statistics and data units. Only when they have a clear understanding of the sources, attributes and problems of their sources and the most detailed examination possible can they exert their due value. This article carries on the textual research on the time section, the land type, the statistical system and the digital attribute of the land numbers contained in the “ancient and modern book integration”, and aims at clarifying the authenticity and reliability of the land numbers and exerting their due value, Scientific collection and use of historical data purposes.