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10多年来,中国的经济一直处在戏剧性转变的阵痛之中。从1949年到70年代末,与资源和收入分配有关的所有政策实际上都是由北京的主要计划者制订的。在实行经济自给自足计划时,中国只同充满马克思主义热情的国家——例如,古巴、北朝鲜、北越、阿尔巴尼亚——进行贸易。不过,在邓小平指导下,于1978年开始了经济自由化的进程,后来它导致了农村人民公社的结束,“经济特区”的创造,国有企业的私人经营。
For more than 10 years, China’s economy has been in the throes of dramatic changes. From 1949 to the late 1970s, virtually all policies related to the allocation of resources and income were actually made by Beijing’s major planners. In implementing the economic self-sufficiency plan, China traded only with countries full of Marxist fervor - for example, Cuba, North Korea, North Vietnam and Albania. However, under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping, the process of economic liberalization began in 1978 and later led to the conclusion of the rural people’s communes, the creation of “special economic zones” and the private operation of state-owned enterprises.