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(一) 中国卫生事业历经四十多年风雨坎坷取得了巨大成就,已是举世公认的事实。但是,计划经济体制下形成的单纯依赖政府投资并包揽办医的做法,已暴露出一些弊端:卫生资源紧缺,普遍存在着“看病难、住院难、手术难”现象;卫生机构内部的经营补偿不健全,管理运行机制不完善,卫生服务过程中浪费较大;“大锅饭”“平均主义”的分配制度,较低的工资标准,一定程度上抑制了卫生人员的积极性;覆盖面狭窄,社会化程度低,对费用缺乏有效制约的公费、劳保医疗制度难以继续有效运转。
(1) China’s health industry has made tremendous achievements after more than 40 years of hardships and storms. It is a universally recognized fact. However, the practice of relying solely on government investment and administering medical services under the planned economy system has revealed some drawbacks: the shortage of health resources, the prevalence of “difficulty in seeing a doctor, hospitalization, and difficulty in surgery”; and the operating compensation within the health institutions. Not perfect, the management mechanism is not perfect, and the waste in the process of health service is wasted; the distribution system of “big pots” and “equalitarianism” and lower wage standards have, to a certain extent, inhibited the enthusiasm of health personnel; the coverage is narrow and the degree of socialization is limited. Low, public expense and labor insurance medical systems that lack effective cost constraints are difficult to continue to operate effectively.