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目的了解接尘工人工作能力的变化规律。方法用“工作能力指数测量问卷”对213例健康不接尘工人(对照组)、307例接尘工人的工作能力进行测量。结果 WAI均值无论是对照组、接尘组还是尘肺组均随着年龄的增长而下降,不同性别间差异无统计学意义。对照、接尘和尘肺组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中接尘组显著低于对照组,尘肺组又显著低于接尘组,进一步分析发现接尘组中的石棉组和煤尘组的WAI低于对照组(P<0.01),而矽尘组与对照组间差异无统计学意义。结论早在尘肺发生前,接尘工人的工作能力已显著下降。应该尽早采取措施,保护接尘工人的工作能力和身体健康。
Objective To understand the changing rules of workers’ working ability. Methods The working ability index of 213 healthy workers without dust exposure (control group) and 307 dust-exposed workers was measured with the questionnaire “Workability Index Measurement”. Results WAI mean value in both control group, dust exposure group or pneumoconiosis group decreased with age, and there was no significant difference between different sexes. The difference between the control group, the dust collection group and the pneumoconiosis group was statistically significant (P <0.01), of which the dust collection group was significantly lower than the control group, and the pneumoconiosis group was significantly lower than the dust collection group. Further analysis showed that asbestos group and dust collection group The WAI in the coal dust group was lower than that in the control group (P <0.01), but there was no significant difference between the silica dust group and the control group. Conclusion As early as before pneumoconiosis, the working ability of dust-pick workers has dropped significantly. Measures should be taken as soon as possible to protect the working ability and physical health of dust-pick workers.