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婚姻圈作为民族社会建构的重要机制,以及族群认同的表现形式和民族文化传承载体,对其现况及未来的研究关乎散居族群的社会经济和文化发展大计。采用口述史、深度访谈法及文本分析的方法研究发现:贵州坡帽仡佬族的婚姻圈经历了族内异地通婚——族内本地通婚与近邻异族通婚——族内本地、近邻异族与异地异族通婚并存等几个阶段的演化。在传统农业社会,散居族群经历了居住、社会和教育多重隔离,通婚受族群性影响,以异地族内通婚为主;而在长期散杂居过程中,族际之间的长期接触融合,其婚姻圈又产生空间近邻性效应,异族通婚开始出现;中国社会转型期及经济一体化使散居族群的婚姻场域发生急剧变化,由此导致远距离通婚,族群性与空间近邻性效应开始减弱。坡帽仡佬族的婚姻圈演化反映了散居族群与主体社会关系的建构过程,但散居族群尚无独立发展的力量。当随着族群内部原有稳定性的打破,族群语言、文化习俗如何保留,族群认同如何维系等都将面临很大的挑战。通过婚姻圈变化之研究视角,关注全球化影响下少数族群文化的保护和发扬问题,是文化扩散和文化整合研究领域新的尝试。
As an important mechanism for the construction of national society, as well as the manifestation of ethnic identity and carrier of national culture, the status quo and future research on the marriage circle is related to the socio-economic and cultural development of the diaspora. Using oral history, in-depth interviews and textual analysis, the study found that the marriage circle of Guizhou Cap Male Mulam experienced heterosexual inter-ethnic marriage - the local inter-ethnic marriage and the inter-ethnic intermarriage - the inter-ethnic, local and inter-ethnic alien Intermarry coexistence and other stages of evolution. In the traditional agricultural society, the diaspora community experienced multiple isolation of residence, society and education. Marriage was influenced by the ethnic groups and inter-tribal intermarriage was dominant. In the long-term diaspora settlement, long-term contacts between ethnic groups were fused and their marriage The inter-tribal marriage began to emerge in the circle. The transitional period and the economic integration in China caused drastic changes in the marriages of the diaspora. As a result, the effects of long-distance intermarriage, ethnicity and spatial proximity began to diminish. The evolution of the marriage circle of the cap-Mulam reflects the process of constructing the social relations between the diaspora and the main body, but there are no independent forces for the development of the diaspora. When the internal stability of ethnic groups breaks down, how ethnic languages and cultural practices will be preserved and how ethnic identity will be maintained will all pose great challenges. Through the perspective of marriage circle changes, attention is paid to the protection and promotion of minority culture under the influence of globalization, which is a new attempt in the field of cultural diffusion and cultural integration.