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汉普希尔一方面赞成马基雅维利把公共生活与私人生活在道德标准上有所区分 ,即对公德与私德有所区分 ,另一方面却不赞成他把公德与私德截然分割开来 ,即在公共生活中可以完全不顾私人生活的道德标准。汉普希尔的论证是从两种道德思维方式入手的 ,即他所谓的“明显推理”和“隐含推理” ,从而揭示出道德思维和道德冲突的深层结构。汉普希尔关于道德发展的结构与科学哲学家库恩所描述的科学革命的结构有着某种对称性 ;不过 ,他由此得出道德悲观主义的结论则是欠妥的
On the one hand, Hampshire favors Machiavelli in distinguishing between public life and private life on the basis of moral standards, that is, on distinguishing between public morality and private morality, and on the other hand, he is not in favor of completely separating public morality from personal morality , That is, in public life can completely ignore the ethical standards of private life. Hampshire’s argument starts with two kinds of moral ways of thinking, that is, what he calls “explicit reasoning” and “implicit reasoning,” so as to reveal the deep structure of moral thinking and moral conflicts. There is some symmetry between Hampshire’s structure of moral development and the structure of the scientific revolution described by Kuhn, the scientific philosopher; however, he concludes that the conclusion of moral pessimism is flawed