论文部分内容阅读
目的分析两起流行性腮腺炎(流腮)暴发疫情特征与控制效果,为今后类似疫情的处理提供科学依据。方法收集两起暴发流腮的现场流行病学调查资料,用描述流行病学的方法分析两起流腮的流行病学特征及控制效果,用罹患率分析流行强度,用卡方检验评价控制效果。结果 2011年T小学共有教学班24个,学生1 074名,流腮发病128例,罹患率为11.92%;L小学全校共有教学班15个,学生769名,发病16例,罹患率为2.08%,两所小学的罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ2=60.21,P<0.01);T小学疫情持续85d,有5个流行高峰,每个高峰均在最长潜伏期21d后出现;L小学疫情持续38d,有1个流行高峰;T小学有免疫史者570人,接种率为72.34%(570/788);L小学有免疫史者521人,接种率为78.94%(521/660),两校接种率差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.41,P<0.01);无免疫史、1剂次、2剂次免疫史的罹患率分别为11.48%、5.29%、3.46%,不同免疫史罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ2=20.55,P<0.01);T小学在完成应急接种后还出现2个流行高峰,L小学采取控制措施后未出现流行高峰,15d后疫情终止。结论学校是传染病爆发流行高危地带,学校应加强疫情监测,一旦发现疫情应及早采取以免疫接种为主的综合防控措施,并应加强与卫生部门的合作,做好学生查验接种证工作。
Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics and control effects of two mumps (Mumps) outbreaks and provide a scientific basis for the treatment of similar outbreaks in the future. Methods The epidemiological data of two grisea outbreaks were collected. The epidemiological characteristics and control effects of two gills were analyzed with descriptive epidemiological methods. The epidemic intensity was analyzed using the prevalence rate, and the control effect was evaluated by chi-square test . Results T primary school in 2011 a total of 24 teaching classes, 1,074 students, 128 cases of mumps, attack rate was 11.92%; L primary school a total of teaching classes 15, 769 students, the incidence of 16 cases, the attack rate of 2.08% There was a statistically significant difference in attack rates between the two primary schools (χ2 = 60.21, P <0.01). T primary epidemics continued for 85 days, with five prevalent epidemics, with each peak occurring 21 days after the longest incubation period There was a epidemic peak at 38 days. There were 570 immunized persons in primary school with a vaccination rate of 72.34% (570/788). There were 521 immunized students in primary school with an immunization history of 78.94% (521/660) There was significant difference in vaccination rate between two groups (χ2 = 10.41, P <0.01). The incidences of nonimmune history, 1 dose and 2 doses of immunization were 11.48%, 5.29% and 3.46% (Χ2 = 20.55, P <0.01). There were two epidemic peaks in T primary school after completing emergency vaccination. There was no epidemic peak after primary school L took control measures, and the epidemic was terminated after 15 days. Conclusions The school is a high risk area for the outbreak of infectious diseases. Schools should strengthen the surveillance of epidemic situation. Once the epidemic situation is found out, comprehensive immunization-based prevention and control measures should be adopted as soon as possible. Schools should strengthen their cooperation with the health departments to do a good job in checking vaccination certificates.