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目的了解武汉市社区人群对灭鼠相关知识的知晓率、居民灭鼠意愿及知识来源途径,开展多种形式的干预活动,探索社区灭鼠宣传教育的有效模式和方法,评价干预效果,为制定适宜的社区灭鼠宣传措施提供依据。方法分别在武汉市江岸区和江汉区所辖的4个街道,采取整群分层抽样方法,从每个样本街道中各抽取1~2个社区,共抽取7个社区,分为试验社区和对照社区,分别抽取18岁以上人群进行知信行(KAP)问卷调查。结果试验社区90.0%的受访居民对2011年的灭鼠表示满意,高于对照社区的29.2%(χ2=109.601,P<0.01)。15.0%的试验社区及59.4%的对照社区受访居民住宅中发现鼠类。试验社区居民对灭鼠常识及相关情况的知晓率高于对照社区(P<0.05),其中大部分问卷条目的知晓率差异明显,其他问卷条目的知晓率差异不明显。在对照社区和试验社区中,一般小区78.8%的居民购买灭鼠药械消灭其住宅中鼠类花费<5元,47.5%的居民拒绝即便是免费的防鼠服务。结论在社区灭鼠工作中,需要进行长期多途径、针对性强的灭鼠宣传。该调查对未来武汉全市灭鼠教育有指导意义。
Objective To understand the awareness rate of community-based rodent control in Wuhan, the willingness of residents to rodent control and the sources of their knowledge, carry out various intervention activities, explore effective modes and methods of community rodent control publicity and education, evaluate the effect of intervention, Proper community rodent control measures to provide the basis. Methods Four clusters of streets in Jiang’an District and Jianghan District of Wuhan City were sampled by cluster stratified sampling method. One or two communities were sampled from each sample street, and a total of seven communities were selected and divided into experimental community and Control communities, respectively, were drawn over the age of 18 people in the knowledge line (KAP) questionnaire survey. Results 90.0% of the respondents in the experimental community were satisfied with the rodent control in 2011, 29.2% of the control community (χ2 = 109.601, P <0.01). Rodents were found in 15.0% of the pilot communities and 59.4% of the control communities surveyed in residential areas. The community residents’ awareness of rodent control common sense and related conditions was higher than that of the control community (P <0.05), most of the questionnaire items had different awareness rates, while the other questionnaire items did not notice the difference. In the control and experimental communities, 78.8% of the residents in the community purchased the rodent control device and spent less than 5 yuan on their homes. 47.5% of the residents refused even free rodent control services. Conclusion In the community rodent control work, we need long-term, multi-channel and targeted rodent control. The survey is of guiding significance to the anti-rat education in Wuhan in the future.