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放射性废物是核能应用不可避免的伴生物。在冷战时期,美、苏展开了激烈的核军备竞赛。随着军用核材料的大量生产,两国都积累了大量的放射性废物等待妥善的处理和处置。截至1987年12月31日,美国积存的国防高放废物体积为3.8×10~5立方米,活度*达1.3×10~9居里,国防低放废物体积为2.3×10~6立方米,活度为1.4×10~3居里。而在俄罗斯,仅马雅克军工联合企业遗留下来的核废物的总放射活度就达10亿
Radioactive waste is an inevitable companion to nuclear energy applications. During the cold war, the United States and the Soviet Union launched a fierce nuclear arms race. With the mass production of military nuclear materials, both countries have accumulated a large amount of radioactive waste waiting to be properly handled and disposed of. As of December 31, 1987, the volume of the national defense HLW accumulated by the United States was 3.8 × 10 -5 cubic meters with an activity of 1.3 × 10-9 cm and the volume of national defense low-level waste was 2.3 × 10-6 cubic meters , The activity of 1.4 × 10 ~ 3 Curie. In Russia, however, the total radioactive activity of nuclear waste left behind by the Mayak military syndicate amounted to only 1 billion