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自1992年水与环境大会在都柏林和里约热内卢召开以来,流域综合管理逐渐在全球得到广泛认可。《水框架指令》实施以前,欧盟的水资源管理政策主要针对河道和湖泊。相比而言,法国、东德和波兰早已采取了基于流域的管理方式,西德采取的是跨流域的管理政策。然而由于诸多因素,对流域管理应持谨慎态度。《水框架指令》本身包含的类型学和形态生物学等因素与流域无直接关系,而给流域边界造成压力和污染的因素却并未纳入其中。从行政管理角度来看,如果严格执行流域管理措施,在处理地下水和涉及跨领域事务时,会出现重大的功能性问题。因此,在实施流域管理政策时,不应过于教条化。实施水资源管理必须具备坚实的科学基础,同时应考虑到现实状况,并符合政治意愿。
Since the water and environment conference was held in Dublin and Rio de Janeiro in 1992, integrated watershed management has gradually gained worldwide recognition. Before the implementation of the WFD, the EU’s water resources management policies mainly targeted rivers and lakes. By contrast, France, East Germany and Poland have long adopted a watershed-based approach to management, and West Germany has adopted inter-basin management policies. However, due to many factors, caution should be exercised over watershed management. Factors such as typology and morphological biology contained in the Water Framework Directive are not directly related to the drainage basin, but the factors that cause stress and pollution to the basin boundary are not included. From an administrative perspective, serious implementation of watershed management measures presents major functional problems in the handling of groundwater and cross-cutting issues. Therefore, it should not be too dogmatic when implementing watershed management policies. The implementation of water resources management must have a solid scientific foundation, taking into account the realities and meeting the political will.