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以汉江余姐河小流域为研究区域,运用经典统计学与地统计学方法,分析流域不同土地利用类型下表层(0~20 cm)土壤全磷和速效磷的空间分布特征及磷素有效性.结果表明:流域农地、林地和草地土壤全磷含量平均值分别为0.368 g·kg~(-1)、0.347 g·kg~(-1)和0.348 g·kg~(-1),土壤速效磷含量均值分别为17.52 mg·kg~(-1)、19.23 mg·kg~(-1)和17.90 mg·kg~(-1).土壤全磷和速效磷空间分布的最优模型均为高斯模型且均具有中等空间相关性.克里格插值表明研究区土壤全磷呈斑块状分布,速效磷含量的高值区沿河流呈网状分布,尤其是速效磷含量为10~20 mg·kg~(-1)和20~30 mg·kg~(-1)的区域从流域上游至下游以河流为主线依次连通.经ANOVA检验,土地利用类型对土壤全磷和速效磷的空间分布影响不显著(p>0.05),不同土地利用下每平方米土壤全磷含量表现为草地>农地>林地,分别为0.092 kg·m~(-2)、0.089 kg·m~(-2)和0.087 kg·m~(-2),速效磷含量表现为草地>林地>农地,分别为4.67 g·m~(-2)、4.11 g·m~(-2)和3.89 g·m~(-2),流域土壤磷素的有效性呈现出林地>草地>农地的特征.
Taking the Yujie River Basin of Hanjiang River as the research area and using the methods of classical statistics and geostatistics, the spatial distribution characteristics and available phosphorus of total phosphorus and available phosphorus in the surface soil (0 ~ 20 cm) under different land use types were analyzed. The results showed that the average values of total phosphorus in farmland, forestland and grassland were 0.368 g · kg -1, 0.347 g · kg -1 and 0.348 g · kg -1, The average available phosphorus content was 17.52 mg · kg -1, 19.23 mg · kg -1 and 17.90 mg · kg -1, respectively. The optimal models of spatial distribution of total phosphorus and available phosphorus were Gaussian model and have a medium spatial correlation.The Kriging interpolation shows that the total phosphorus in the study area is patchy distribution, high-value areas of available phosphorus content along the river was reticular distribution, especially available phosphorus content of 10 to 20 The areas of 20 mg · kg ~ (-1) and 20 ~ 30 mg · kg ~ (-1) were in turn connected with the main stream from the upper reaches to the lower reaches of the river basin.Analysis by ANOVA showed that the spatial type of soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus (P> 0.05). The total P content per square meter of soil under different land use showed grassland> farmland> forest land, respectively, and were 0.092 kg · m -2, 0.089 kg · m -2 ) And 0.087 kg · m ~ (-2), respectively, and available P content showed as follows: grassland> forest land> farmland, 4.67 g · m -2, 4.11 g · m -2 and 3.89 g · m ~ (-2). The availability of soil phosphorus in the watershed showed the characteristics of woodland> grassland> farmland.