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目的了解北京市海淀区儿童青少年体成分特征,为预防儿童青少年超重肥胖提供依据。方法随机选取海淀区807名参加体能测试的中小学生进行体成分测量,测量项目包括体脂肪量、总水分、蛋白质、无机盐。运用SPSS22.0对数据进行统计分析。结果 807名儿童青少年超重率为21.2%,其中男生为24.6%,女生为17.9%;肥胖率为13.0%,其中男生为16.2%,女生为9.9%。儿童青少年肥胖组和超重组的体成分均大于非超重组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);肥胖组和超重组比较,只有BMI和体脂肪量差异有统计学意义(t男值分别为-7.780,-7.646;t女值分别为-5.096,-3.771,P值均<0.05)。男生6~12岁阶段的体脂肪量逐年增加,均值从5.07 kg增加到14.79 kg,13岁开始逐年减少,女生的体脂肪量逐年增加,均值从5.17 kg增加到15.78 kg,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01);男、女生的总水分、蛋白质、无机盐逐年增加,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。结论儿童青少年的体成分随着年龄的增长一直在变化,且存在性别差异。
Objective To understand the body composition characteristics of children and adolescents in Haidian District, Beijing, and to provide basis for preventing overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Methods A total of 807 primary and secondary school students participating in physical fitness test in Haidian District were selected for body composition measurement. The measurement items included body fat mass, total water, protein and inorganic salts. Using SPSS22.0 statistical analysis of the data. Results The overweight rate of 807 children and adolescents was 21.2%, including 24.6% for boys and 17.9% for girls; the obesity rate was 13.0%, of which 16.2% were boys and 9.9% girls. The body composition of obesity group and overweight group in children and adolescents were significantly higher than those in non-overweight group (P <0.05). Only the difference between BMI and body fat in obesity group and overweight group was statistically significant (t Male values were -7.780, -7.646; t female values were -5.096, -3.771, P values were <0.05). The body fat mass of boys aged from 6 to 12 years increased year by year, the average value increased from 5.07 kg to 14.79 kg, and began to decrease year by year from 13 years old. The body fat mass of girls increased year by year from 5.17 kg to 15.78 kg, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). The total amount of water, protein and inorganic salt in boys and girls increased year by year with statistical significance (P <0.01). Conclusion The body composition of children and adolescents has been changing with age, and there are gender differences.