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Respirovirus infection can cause viral pneumonia and acute lung injury(ALI). The interleukin-1(IL-1) family consists of proinflammatory cytokines that play essential roles in regulating immune and inflammatory responses in vivo. IL-1 signaling is associated with protection against respiratory influenza virus infection by mediation of the pulmonary anti-viral immune response and inflammation. We analyzed the infiltration lung immune leukocytes and cytokines that contribute to inflammatory lung pathology and mortality of fatal H1N1 virus-infected IL-1 receptor 1(IL-1R1) deficient mice. Results showed that early innate immune cells and cytokine/chemokine dysregulation were observed with significantly decreased neutrophil infiltration and IL-6, TNF-α, G-CSF, KC, and MIP-2 cytokine levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of infected IL-1R1~(-/-) mice in comparison with that of wild type infected mice. The adaptive immune response against the H1N1 virus in IL-1R1~(-/-) mice was impaired with downregulated anti-viral Th1 cell, CD8+ cell, and antibody functions, which contributes to attenuated viral clearance. Histological analysis revealed reduced lung inflammation during early infection but severe lung pathology in late infection in IL-1R1~(-/-) mice compared with that in WT infected mice. Moreover, the infected IL-1R1~(-/-) mice showed markedly reduced neutrophil generation in bone marrow and neutrophil recruitment to the inflamed lung. Together, these results suggest that IL-1 signaling is associated with pulmonary anti-influenza immune response and inflammatory lung injury, particularly via the influence on neutrophil mobilization and inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production.
Respirovirus infection can cause viral pneumonia and acute lung injury (ALI). The interleukin-1 (IL-1) family consists of proinflammatory cytokines that play essential roles in regulating immune and inflammatory responses in vivo. IL-1 signaling is associated with protection against respiratory influenza virus infection by mediation of the pulmonary anti-viral immune response and inflammation. We analyzed the infiltration of lung immune leukocytes and cytokines that contribute to inflammatory lung pathology and mortality of fatal H1N1 virus-infected IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1) deficient mice. Results showed that early innate immune cells and cytokine / chemokine dysregulation were observed with significantly decreased neutrophil infiltration and IL-6, TNF-α, G-CSF, KC, and MIP-2 cytokine levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of infected The adaptive immune response against the H1N1 virus in IL-1R1 ~ (- / -) mice was impaired with downregulated anti-viral Th1 cell, CD8 + cell, and antibody functions, which contributes to attenuated viral clearance. Histological analysis showed reduced lung inflammation during early infection but severe lung pathology in late infection in IL-1R1 ~ (- / -) mice mice with that in WT infected mice. Moreover, the results suggest IL-1 signaling is associated with IL-1R1 ~ (- / -) mice showed markedly reduced neutrophil generation in bone marrow and neutrophil recruitment to the inflamed lung pulmonary anti-influenza immune response and inflammatory lung injury, particularly via the influence on neutrophil mobilization and inflammatory cytokine / chemokine production.