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所有核武器在爆炸时都会产生电磁脉冲。电磁脉冲对各种军事装备(例如导弹及其发射控制装置、卫星、飞机、雷达系统等),特别是对这些装备所采用的电子线路和设备都可能造成危害,使之损坏或失效。随着现代军事装备日益广泛地采用半导体集成电路,而这种电路比老式的电子管电路在抗电磁脉冲的能力方面要低几个数量级,因此电磁脉冲对半导体器件和设备所能造成的破坏也就要大得多。对于电磁脉冲的破坏作用,苏联认识得比较早,也很重视。苏刊在六十年代就曾报道:
All nuclear weapons generate electromagnetic pulses when exploding. Electromagnetic pulses may cause damage, damage or failure to various military equipment (such as missiles and their launch controls, satellites, airplanes, radar systems, etc.) and, in particular, to the electrical circuits and equipment used in these installations. As modern military equipment increasingly employs semiconductor integrated circuits that are several orders of magnitude less resistive to older electromagnetic circuits than older tube circuits, the damage that electromagnetic pulses can cause to semiconductor devices and equipment To be much larger. For the destructive effect of electromagnetic pulse, the Soviet Union knew earlier and paid more attention. Su magazine once reported in the sixties: