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肾癌在我国泌尿外科恶性肿瘤中占第二位仅次于膀胱癌,其发病率呈现逐年上升趋势。随着人们健康意识的提高以及B超、CT等影像检查被广泛地应用,肾癌的检出率逐年增高,其中小肾癌占相当比例。因为小肾癌多为低分期、低分级肿瘤,5年生存率高,故其治疗一直被泌尿外科医师所关注。由于对小肾脏肿瘤自然史的进一步观察研究、人们对术后器官功能保存和生活质量要求的提高以及泌尿外科微创技术的发展,保留肾单位手术和微创手术被越来越多地应用于小肾癌的治疗。目前国内在小肾癌的治疗中根治性肾切除手术仍然被广泛应用,保留肾单位手术正在逐步推广开展,微创治疗方法是近年研究的一个热点。本文就目前小肾癌的各种治疗方法现状及其选择策略作一综述。
Renal cancer ranks second in urological malignancy in our country, next to bladder cancer, and its incidence shows an upward trend year by year. With the improvement of people’s health awareness and B ultrasound, CT and other imaging tests are widely used, the detection rate of renal cancer increased year by year, of which a small proportion of small renal cell carcinoma. Because small renal cell carcinoma mostly low staging, low-grade tumors, 5-year survival rate, so the treatment has been the concern of urologists. Due to the further observation of the natural history of small kidney tumors, the need for postoperative preservation of organ function and quality of life, and the development of minimally invasive urologic techniques, the use of nephron-preserving and minimally invasive surgeries is increasingly being applied to Small kidney cancer treatment. At present, radical nephrectomy is still widely used in the treatment of small renal cell carcinoma, and the operation of retaining nephron is being gradually promoted. The minimally invasive treatment is a hot spot in recent years. This article reviews the current status of various treatment methods for small renal cell carcinoma and their selection strategies.