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Ensemble forcasting,originally developed for weather prediction,is lately being extended to atmospheric dispersion applications,which is a new,effective methodology for improving the atmospheric dispersion numerical modeling.In March 2011,due to the massive 9.0 earthquakes and ensuing tsunami that struck off the northern coast of the island of Honshu,the Fukushima Nuclear Plant I had the substantial leak of radioactive materials into surrounding environment and atmosphere.To aim at the global dispersion modeling of atmospheric radionuclides from Fukushima Nuclear Accident,this paper presents two approaches of atmospheric dispersion forecasting:ensemble dispersion modeling(EDM) and deterministic dispersion modeling(DDM),conducts the globally dispersion modeling cases for Fukushima nuclear accident,and analyzes and evaluates the simulation results using observation data.In this paper,EDM includes three different perturbation methods:meteorological perturbation method,turbulence perturbation method,and physical parameterization ensemble forecasting method.The simulation results show that the trajectories from EDM have a better performance,which is in better agreement with the atmospheric circulation and observation data; the spread from DDM is slower and not as far as EDM.Additionally,the results from EDM display a better performance in the modeling of transport from Japan to China East Sea on April 4.The reasons for these results are:the techniques of MET and TUR are performed by adding perturbations on mean wind and turbulent velocity,respectively; the various different flow fields will result in far spreading in horizontal and the simulation results closer to observation; PHY is performed by using different diffusion physical parameterizations and produces the perturbations on vertical wind,which results the spreading in smaller range and discontinuous in horizontal.Finally,the comparative analysis between modeling results and observation data shows that all cases results are in good agreement with trends of observed radionuclides surface concentration; however,the modeling surface concentration is smaller than observation,especially in DDM and PHY.Furthermore,the EDM results show that MET and TUR are of more evolutionary advantage than PHY in modeling of average and maximum concentration.Therefore,this study can serve as a reference to atmospheric dispersion and environmental emergency response(EER).
Ensemble forcasting, originally developed for weather prediction, is lately being extended to atmospheric dispersion applications, which is a new, effective methodology for improving the atmospheric dispersion numerical modeling. March 2011, due to the massive 9.0 earthquakes and ensuing tsunami that struck off the northern coast of the island of Honshu, the Fukushima Nuclear Plant I had the substantial leak of radioactive materials into surrounding environment and atmosphere. To aim at the global dispersion modeling of atmospheric radionuclides from Fukushima Nuclear Accident, this paper presents two approaches of atmospheric dispersion forecasting : ensemble dispersion modeling (EDM) and deterministic dispersion modeling (DDM), conducts the globally dispersion modeling cases for Fukushima nuclear accident, and analyzes and evaluates the simulation results using observation data. In this paper, EDM includes three different perturbation methods: meteorological perturbation method, turbulence perturbat ion method, and physical parameterization ensemble forecasting method. the simulation results show that the trajectories from EDM have a better performance, which is in better agreement with the atmospheric circulation and observation data; the spread from DDM is slower and not as far as an EDM. Additionally, the results from EDM display a better performance in the modeling of transport from Japan to China East Sea on April 4. The reasons for these results are: the techniques of MET and TUR are performed by adding perturbations on mean wind and turbulent velocity, respectively; the various different flow fields will result in far spreading in horizontal and the simulation results closer to observation; PHY is performed by using different diffusion physical parameterizations and produces the perturbations on vertical wind, which results in spreading in smaller range and discontinuous in horizontal .Finally, the comparative analysis between modeling results and observation data shows that all cases rthe results of the EDM results show that MET and TUR are of more evolutionary advantage than PHY in modeling of average and maximum concentration.Therefore, this study can serve as a reference to atmospheric dispersion and environmental emergency response (EER).