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【目的】研究不同缓释肥对贵州春马铃薯生物效应及土壤肥力的影响,为其轻简化栽培及“两减”、“三节”综合技术集成提供参考。【方法】通过田间试验,选择7个类型的缓释肥与普通复合肥进行对比,在相同肥料用量(N 240kg/ha、P_2O_5120 kg/ha、K_2O 270 kg/ha)条件下研究不同类型缓释肥对贵州春马铃薯产量、结薯性状及土壤肥力状况的影响。【结果】与施普通复合肥(对照)相比,金正大、诺泰克、洋丰和施可丰缓释肥均能显著提高春马铃薯产量(P<0.05,下同),增幅为19.1%~24.6%;与对照相比,施缓释肥处理的单株产量和大中薯率分别提高2.6%~73.1%和6.6%~15.1%,以金正大缓释肥效果最佳;而西洋、沃夫特和骅龙缓释肥处理的产量出现显著降低。与对照相比,施用缓释肥处理的春马铃薯耕层土壤pH、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全钾和速效钾分别提高3.8%~7.5%、27.1%~59.1%、14.3%~33.3%、8.7%~47.8%、7.0%~26.3%和8.8%~42.1%,而土壤全磷和速效磷含量分别降低7.1%~21.4%和35.6%~58.0%。【结论】缓释肥在提高贵州春马铃薯产量、改善土壤肥力状况等方面效果明显,但不同缓释肥的作用效果存在差异。综合来看,以金正大、诺泰克、洋丰和施可丰缓释肥的增产效果最佳,可适当在该地区进行示范推广。
【Objective】 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different slow-release fertilizers on the biological effects of spring potato and soil fertility in Guizhou and to provide reference for its light and simplified cultivation and integration of “two subtractions” and “three”. 【Method】 Seven types of slow-release fertilizer were selected to compare with ordinary compound fertilizer through field experiments. Different types of slow-release fertilizer (N 240kg / ha, P 2 O 5120 kg / ha, K 2 O 270 kg / ha) Effect of Fertilizer on Yield, Fructus tuber and Soil Fertility in Spring. 【Result】 Compared with normal compound fertilizer (control), Jinzhengda, Nortech, Yangfeng and Schiffer slow-release fertilizers could significantly increase the yield of spring potato (P <0.05, the same below), an increase of 19.1% 24.6% .Compared with the control, the yield per plant and medium-sized potato increased by 2.6% ~ 73.1% and 6.6% ~ 15.1% The yield of the slow-release fertilizers treated with Houttuy and Hualong decreased significantly. Compared with the control, soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, total potassium and available potassium increased by 3.8% -7.5%, 27.1% -59.1%, 14.3% -33.3 %, 8.7% -47.8%, 7.0% -26.3% and 8.8% -42.1%, while the contents of total phosphorus and available phosphorus decreased by 7.1% -21.4% and 35.6% -58.0%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Slow-release fertilizer is effective in improving spring potato yield and soil fertility in Guizhou, but the effect of different slow-release fertilizer is different. Taken together, the production of slow-release fertilizers by Jinzhengda, Nortech, Yangfeng and Shih-Fung Fertilizers was the best and could be appropriately promoted in the region.