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为了解秦巴山区主要农作物肥料投入现状及存在问题,加强秦巴山区农业面源污染管理、指导农户科学合理施肥。连续3年在秦巴山区对该区域主要农作物的施肥现状进行调查分析。结果表明,秦巴山区主要农作物平均化肥氮投入量为173.9kg/hm2,通过有机肥投入的氮远远小于化肥氮,仅为7.2kg/hm2。平均化肥磷投入量为67.8kg/hm2,通过有机肥投入的磷为0.9kg/hm2。化学钾肥平均投入量为30.9kg/hm2,有机肥提供的钾养分为4.3kg/hm2。其主要农作物氮、磷、钾肥养分总投入量中,N∶P2O5∶K2O为1∶0.38∶0.20。不同作物比较,油菜平均产量为2 440.5kg/hm2;其氮磷钾化肥平均投入量分别为153.2、50.2和18.6kg/hm2;有机肥提供的氮磷钾养分分别为6.7、0.8和6.8kg/hm2。水稻平均产量为8 424.4kg/hm2;其氮磷钾化肥平均投入量分别为194.6、60.2和27.8kg/hm2;有机肥提供的氮磷钾养分分别为7.6、1.1和1.5kg/hm2。
In order to understand the status quo and existing problems of major crop fertilizer inputs in Qinba Mountains, strengthen the management of agricultural non-point source pollution in Qinling-Bashan Mountains and guide farmers in scientific and rational fertilization. For three consecutive years in the Qinling Mountains, the main crops in the region of the status of fertilization survey. The results showed that the average input of chemical fertilizers for main crops in Qinba Mountains was 173.9kg / hm2, and the input of nitrogen by organic fertilizers was far less than that of nitrogen fertilizers, only 7.2kg / hm2. The average input of fertilizer phosphorus was 67.8kg / hm2, and the input of phosphorus by organic fertilizer was 0.9kg / hm2. The average input of chemical potash is 30.9kg / hm2, and the organic fertilizer provides potassium nutrition of 4.3kg / hm2. The main crop nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the total input, N: P2O5: K2O 1:0.38:0.20. Compared with different crops, the average yield of rapeseed was 2 440.5kg / hm2; the average input of NPK fertilizers were 153.2, 50.2 and 18.6kg / hm2 respectively; the NPK nutrients supplied by organic manure were 6.7, 0.8 and 6.8kg / hm2. The average yield of rice was 8 424.4 kg / hm2. The average inputs of NPK fertilizers were 194.6, 60.2 and 27.8 kg / hm2, respectively. The nutrients of NPK provided by organic manures were 7.6, 1.1 and 1.5 kg / hm2, respectively.