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一些元素以不同的同素异形体形式存在。例如,氧元素在我们所呼吸的空气中是以双原子氧(O_2)形式存在,而高空中的氧是以臭氧(O_3)的形式存在,臭氧使我们免遭阳光中紫外线伤害。通常认为,碳元素具有两种同素异形体:无色、质硬且贵重的金刚石(图1)和黑色、质脆且不太贵重的石墨(图2)。化学家们,特别是萨塞克斯(Sussex)大学的哈利·克鲁托(Harry Kroto)及其研究小组,长期以来一直认为存在着碳的第三种同素异形体;然而,当德国的马克斯·布朗克(Max Planck)核物理研究所沃尔周·克拉基米尔
Some elements exist in different allotropes. For example, oxygen is in the form of diatomic oxygen (O 2) in the air we breathe. Oxygen in the sky is in the form of ozone (O 3), which protects us from UV rays in the sun. It is generally accepted that carbon has two allotropes: colorless, hard and expensive diamonds (Figure 1) and black, brittle and less expensive graphite (Figure 2). Chemists, and especially Harry Kroto of Sussex University and his team, have long believed that there is a third allotropic form of carbon; however, when Germany Of the Max Planck Institute of Nuclear Physics Volvo Week Clark