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通过2007—2010年田间定位试验,研究了平衡施肥、常规施肥和无肥(或低肥)条件下,免耕、深松和翻耕处理对渭北旱塬冬小麦-春玉米轮作田土壤贮水量、作物产量、水分利用效率(WUE)和纯收益的影响.结果表明:休闲期免耕处理蓄水保墒效果最好,深松次之,翻耕最差;轮作田生育期内免耕和深松处理0~200 cm平均土壤贮水量分别较翻耕提高6.7%和1.9%;各施肥条件下作物产量、WUE和纯收益均以深松处理最高,且以平衡施肥深松处理表现最好,2007—2008年冬小麦、2009年春玉米、2009—2010年冬小麦产量分别为6909、9689、5589 kg.hm-2,WUE分别为18.5、25.2、23.0 kg.hm-2.mm-1,纯收益分别为5034、5045、7098元.hm-2.因此,平衡施肥与深松组合处理的蓄水保墒和增产增收效果最好,是渭北旱塬冬小麦-春玉米轮作田较适合的施肥耕作模式.
Through field experiment in 2007-2010, the effects of no-tillage, deep-plowing and tillage treatments on soil water storage in winter wheat-spring maize rotation cropping field in Weibei rainfed highland were studied under balanced fertilization, conventional fertilization and no fertilizer (or low fertilizer) , Crop yield, water use efficiency (WUE) and net income.The results showed that no-tillage treatment had the best effect on water retention and soil moisture during the leisure time, The average water storage capacity of 0-200 cm soil layer increased by 6.7% and 1.9% respectively compared with tillage, and the yield, WUE and net yield were the highest under the treatments of subsoiling, while the subsoiling with balanced fertilization was the best. 2007 - 2008 winter wheat, 2009 spring maize, 2009-2010 winter wheat production were 6909,9689,5589 kg.hm-2, respectively, WUE were 18.5,25.2,23.0 kg.hm-2.mm-1, net income were 5034,5045,7098 yuan.hm-2.Therefore, the combination of balanced fertilization and subsoiling treatment had the best effect of water storage and soil conservation and yield increase, which was the more suitable fertilization mode for winter wheat-spring maize rotation in Weibei dry-land.