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中国城市小康住宅通用体系通则(WHOS)关于设备方面有一明确要求:“合理、集中布置管道,分设管井,暗藏或隐蔽管道,实现查表不入户。”这句话包含两层含义:一是室内管道暗设;二是“三表”出户。所谓“三表”,是电表、水表、煤气表的简称。三表设于室外,是住宅管理规范化、现代化的需要,是提高住户私密性、安全性的需要;也是住宅走向文明的标志之一。 三表之中,电表由于导线可塑性强而率先出户,水表、煤气表受客观条件的限制及主观因素的制约一直设在室内。所以“三表出户”现在实际上是“两表出户”,这里姑且仍称“三表”出户。按现有的技术条件、设备状况实现三表出户存在许多不能克服的困难。从建筑角度着眼,实现三表出户的方法,一是集中管井法;二是集中用水设施法。集中管井法是
The General Principles of China’s Urban Comfortably Living Housing System (WHOS) has a clear requirement for equipment: “Rational, centralized layout of pipelines, separate wells, concealed or concealed pipelines, and implementation of inspections.” This sentence has two meanings: First, The indoor pipe is darkly set; the second is the “three watches” exit. The so-called “three tables” are short for electric meters, water meters, and gas meters. The three tables are located outdoors, which is the need for standardization and modernization of residential management, and the need to improve the privacy and security of residents. It is also one of the hallmarks of residential development. Among the three tables, the meter was the first one to exit the home due to the strong plasticity of the wire, and the water meter and the gas meter were always placed indoors due to the constraints of objective conditions and subjective factors. Therefore, “three forms of households” are actually “two forms of households”, here is still called “three forms” to leave home. According to the existing technical conditions and equipment conditions, there are many difficulties that cannot be overcome in implementing the three-meter system. From the architectural point of view, to achieve the three forms of households, one method is to focus on tube wells; Second, centralized water facilities law. The centralized tube well method is